COOL 2007 - List of Authors (Smirnov, A. V.)

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Smirnov, A. V.

Paper	Title	Page
TUA1C03	Necessary Condition for Beam Ordering	87
	A. V. Smirnov, I. N. Meshkov, A. O. Sidorin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region J. Dietrich FZJ, Jülich A. Noda, T. Shirai, H. Souda, H. Tongu Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto K. Noda NIRS, Chiba-shi
	The very low momentum spread for small number of particle was reached on different storage rings. When the sudden reduction of the momentum spread ("phase transition") was observed during decreasing of the particle number it was interpreted as ordered state of ion beams. The most extensive study of ordered ion beams was done on storage rings ESR (GSI, Darmstadt) and CRYRING (MSL, Stockholm). Recently, for the first time, the ordered proton beam has been observed on S-LSR (Kyoto University). From analysis of the ESR experimental results we assumed that the ordered state can be observed if the dependence of momentum spread on the particle number can be approximated as ∆P/P ~ N^k for k < 0.3. In pioneering experiments at NAP-M (INP, Novosibirsk) and, in recent years, at COSY (FZJ, Juelich) the phase transition was not observed and the coefficient was found equal k > 0.5. This report presents the experimental investigations of low intensity proton beams on COSY and S-LSR which have the aim to formulate the necessary conditions for the achievement of the ordered state. The experimental studies on S-LSR and numerical simulations with the BETACOOL code were done for the dependence of the momentum spread and transverse emittances on particle number with different misalignments of the magnetic field at the cooler section. As result of both experimental and numerical studies one can conclude that the necessary condition for the phase transition appearance is k < 0.3.
	Slides
THAP01	Electron Cooling Simulation for Arbitrary Distribution of Electrons	159
	A. O. Sidorin, A. V. Smirnov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region I. Ben-Zvi, A. V. Fedotov, D. Kayran BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
	Typically, several approximations are being used in simulation of electron cooling process, for example, density distribution of electrons is calculated using an analytical expression and distribution in the velocity space is assumed to be Maxwellian in all degrees of freedom. However, in many applications, accurate description of the cooling process based on realistic distribution of electrons is very useful. This is especially true for a high-energy electron cooling system which requires bunched electron beam produced by an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL). Such systems are proposed, for instance, for RHIC and electron – ion collider. To address unique features of the RHIC-II cooler, new algorithms were introduced in BETACOOL code which allow us to take into account local properties of electron distribution as well as calculate friction force for an arbitrary velocity distribution. Here, we describe these new numerical models. Results based on these numerical models are compared with typical approximations using electron distribution produced by simulations of electron bunch through ERL of RHIC-II cooler.
THAP02	Implementation of Synchrotron Motion in Barrier Buckets in the BETACOOL Program	163
	A. V. Smirnov, A. O. Sidorin, G. V. Trubnikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region O. Boine-Frankenheim GSI, Darmstadt
	In the case of the internal pellet target the electron cooling and the stochastic cooling systems cannot compensate the mean energy losses of the ion beam. In bunched ion beams the space charge limit is reduced and the influence of intrabeam scattering is enhanced, which causes a decrease of the luminosity in comparison with a coasting beam. To resolve these problems barrier buckets are proposed for experiments with the pellet target. In the barrier bucket the long ion bunch fills nearly the whole circumference of the storage ring and a rf pulse is applied at the head and at the tail of the bunch. The general goal of the BETACOOL program is to simulate long term processes (in comparison with the ion revolution period) leading to the variation of the ion distribution function in six dimensional phase space. The investigation of the beam dynamics for arbitrary distribution functions is performed using multi particle simulation in the frame of the Model Beam algorithm. In this algorithm the ion beam is represented by an array of macro particles. The heating and cooling processes involved in the simulations lead to a change of the particle momentum components and particle number, which are calculated each time step. The barrier bucket model was developed in the Model Beam algorithm of the BETACOOL program. The trajectory of each model particle is solved analytically for a given barrier bucket voltage amplitude. An invariant of motion is calculated from the current position of the model particle and from the barrier bucket voltage amplitude. Then the phase of the invariant is calculated in accordance with the integration step and the particle gets a new coordinates. The heating and cooling effects are applied in usual procedure of the Model Beam algorithm. First simulation results for the FAIR storage rings are presented.
FRM1I01	Present Status and Recent Activity on Laser Cooling at S-LSR	221
	A. Noda, M. Ikegami, T. Ishikawa, M. Nakao, T. Shirai, H. Souda, M. Tanabe, H. Tongu Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto M. Grieser MPI-K, Heidelberg I. N. Meshkov, A. V. Smirnov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region K. Noda NIRS, Chiba-shi
	Funding: The present work has been supported from Advanced Compact Accelerator Development Project by MEXT of Japan and 21 COE at Kyoto University-Center for Diversity and Universality in Physics. Ion storage and cooler ring, S-LSR, has been designed to enable the investigation of coldest possible ion beams with use of various beam cooling schemes such as an electron beam cooling and the laser cooling. Electron beam cooling of 7 MeV protons and laser cooling of 40 keV Mg ions have been applied up to now.　The first laser cooling applied to ~10⁸ Mg ions with the induction accelerator voltage of ~6 mV reduced the momentum spread (1 σ) from 1.7×10^-3 to 2.9×10^-4, which is considered to be saturated by the momentum transfer from transverse degree of freedom to the longitudinal one due to intra-beam scattering. The laser cooling force has been improved from the above one more than one order of magnitude owing to the precise alignment between the laser and Mg ion beam. Recent measurement with frequency shift of the laser showed the enhancement of the coherent signals in odd harmonics of the revolution frequency picked up with an electrostatic beam monitor and detailed measurements of various harmonics have been performed with changing the resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer, although the origin of such coherency is not yet identified up to now. For the purpose of measurement of lowest possible temperature attainable by the laser cooling, measurement with reducing the ion numbers of Mg is needed, which has been blocked by the difficulty of observing the Schotty signal of such a low intensity beam. So as to cope with this situation, development of observing system of emitted light by the transition from the upper level to the ground state with the use of photomultiplier has been performed, which recently succeeded in detection of clear signals coming from the oriented process. Activities above mentioned will be presented together with the forth coming experimental results on laser cooling.
	Slides
WEM1C01	Status of the LEPTA Project	113
	A. G. Kobets, E. V. Ahmanova, V. Bykovsky, I. I. Korotaev, V. I. Lokhmatov, V. N. Malakhov, I. N. Meshkov, V. Pavlov, R. Pivin, A. Yu. Rudakov, A. O. Sidorin, A. V. Smirnov, G. V. Trubnikov, S. Yakovenko JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
	The Low Energy Positron Toroidal Accumulator (LEPTA) is under commissioning at JINR. The LEPTA facility is a small positron storage ring equipped with the electron cooling system. The project positron energy is of 4-10 keV. The main goal of the facility is to generate an intense flow of positronium atoms–the bound state of electron and positron. The focusing system of the LEPTA ring after solenoidal magnetic field remeasurement and correction has been tested with pulsed electron beam by elements. Some resonant effects of beam focusing have been observed. The experiments aiming to increase the life time of the circulating electron beam and test the electron cooling elector beam are in progress. Construction of the pulsed injector of the low energy positrons is close to the completion (CPS). The injector is based on ²²Na radioactive isotope and consists of the cryogenic positron source, the positron trap and the acceleration section. In the CPS positrons from the ²²Na tablet are moderated in the solid neon and transported into the trap, where they are accumulated during about 80 seconds. Then accumulated positrons are extracted by the pulsed electric field and accelerated in electrostatic field up to required energy (the injector as a whole is suspended at a positive potential that corresponds to required positron energy in the range of 4-10 keV). In injection pulse duration is about 300 nsec. The CPS has been tested at the low activity of isotope ²²Na tablet (100 MBq). The continuous positron beam with average energy of 1.2 eV and spectrum width of 1 eV has been obtained. The achieved moderation efficiency is about 1 %, that exceeds the level known from literature. The accumulation process in the positron trap was studied with electron flux. The life time of the electrons in the trap is 80 s and capture efficiency is about 0.4. The maximum number of the accumulated particles is 2·10⁺⁸ at the initial flux of 5·10⁺⁶ electrons per second.
	Slides
THM1I02	Electron Cooling Experiments at S-LSR	139
	T. Shirai, S. Fujimoto, M. Ikegami, A. Noda, H. Souda, M. Tanabe, H. Tongu Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto H. Fadil, M. Grieser MPI-K, Heidelberg T. Fujimoto, S. I. Iwata, S. Shibuya AEC, Chiba I. N. Meshkov, A. V. Smirnov, E. Syresin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region K. Noda NIRS, Chiba-shi
	Funding: The present work has been supported from Advanced Compact Accelerator Development Project by MEXT of Japan and 21 COE at Kyoto University-Center for Diversity and Universality in Physics. The ion storage ring, S-LSR in Kyoto University has an electron beam cooler and a laser cooling system. The electron cooler for S-LSR was designed to maximize the cooling length in the limited drift space of the ring. The effective cooling length is 0.44 m, while the total length of the cooler is 1.8 m. The commissioning of the electron cooling was started from October 2005. The 7 MeV proton beam from the linac was used and the first cooling was observed on October 31. The momentum spread became 2×10^-4 and the beam diameter was 1.2 mm with the particle number of 2×10⁸ and the electron current of 60 mA. The various experiments have been carried out using the electron cooling at S-LSR. The one-dimensional ordering of protons is one of the important subjects. The momentum spread and the beam size were observed while reducing the particle number. They were measured by the Schottky noise spectrum and the scraper. The particle number was measured by the ionization residual gas monitor. Abrupt jumps in the momentum spread and the Schottky noise power were observed for protons at a particle number of around 2000. The beam temperature was 0.17 meV and 1 meV in the longitudinal and transverse directions at the transition particle number, respectively. The normalized transition temperature of protons is close to those of heavy ions at ESR. The lowest momentum spread below the transition was 1.4×10^-6, which corresponded to the longitudinal beam temperature of 0.026 meV (0.3 K). It is close to the longitudinal electron temperature. The transverse temperature of the proton beam was much below that of electrons (34 meV). It is the effect of the magnetized electron.