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bunching

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MO6RFP062 Microbunching Studies for SPARX Photoinjector space-charge, cathode, linac, FEL 506
 
  • C. Ronsivalle
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
  • M. Ferrario, C. Vaccarezza
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • M. Migliorati
    Rome University La Sapienza, Roma
  • M. Venturini
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
 
 

The SPARX X-FEL accelerator will be the first FEL facility to operate with a hybrid (RF plus magnetic chicane) compression scheme. Numerical studies of propagation of beam density modulations stemming from photogun laser, through the photoinjector operating under velocity bunching conditions have been carried out. A semi-analytical model for the linear gain in a RF compressor is also being developed and some preliminary results are presented.

 
MO6RFP071 Velocity Bunching Experiments at SPARC emittance, solenoid, linac, simulation 533
 
  • M. Ferrario, D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, M. Castellano, E. Chiadroni, L. Cultrera, G. Di Pirro, L. Ficcadenti, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco, A. Gallo, G. Gatti, C. Marrelli, M. Migliorati, A. Mostacci, E. Pace, L. Palumbo, B. Spataro, C. Vaccarezza, C. Vicario
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • G. Andonian, G. Marcus, J.B. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California
  • A. Bacci, V. Petrillo, A.R. Rossi, L. Serafini
    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Milano
  • A. Cianchi, B. Marchetti
    INFN-Roma II, Roma
  • L. Giannessi, M. Labat, M. Quattromini, C. Ronsivalle
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
  • M. Rezvani Jalal
    University of Tehran, Tehran
  • M. Serluca
    INFN-Roma, Roma
 
 

One of the main goals of the SPARC high brightness photoinjector is the experimental demonstration of the emittance compensation process while compressing the beam with the velocity bunching technique, also named RF compressor. For this reason, the first two S-band travelling wave accelerating structures downstream of the RF gun are embedded in a long solenoid, in order to control the space charge induced emittace oscillations during the compression process. An RF deflecting cavity placed at the exit of the third accelerating structure allows bunch length measurements with a resolution of 50 μm. During the current SPARC run a parametric experimental study of the velocity bunching technique has been performed. The beam bunch length and projected emittance have been measured at 120 MeV as a function of the injection phase in the first linac, and for different solenoid field values. In this paper we describe the experimental layout and the results obtained thus far. Comparisons with simulations are also reported.

 
MO6RFP096 Beam Slice Characterization at SPARC High Brightness Photoinjector emittance, FEL, quadrupole, simulation 593
 
  • A. Cianchi
    Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma
  • D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, M. Castellano, E. Chiadroni, L. Cultrera, G. Di Pirro, M. Ferrario, D. Filippetto, G. Gatti, E. Pace, C. Vaccarezza, C. Vicario
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • L. Ficcadenti, A. Mostacci
    Rome University La Sapienza, Roma
  • B. Marchetti
    INFN-Roma II, Roma
  • C. Ronsivalle
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
 
 

The SPARC photoinjector drives a SASE FEL to perform several experiments both for the production of high brightness electron beam and for testing new scheme of SASE radiation generation. The control of the beam properties, in particular at the level of the slice dimension, is crucial in order to optimize the FEL process. We report the different measurements performed in order to characterize the slice properties of the electron beam.

 
TU5RFP077 Microbunching Instability Modeling in the SPARX Configurations laser, electron, simulation, undulator 1266
 
  • C. Vaccarezza, M. Ferrario, A. Marinelli
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • L. Giannessi, C. Ronsivalle
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma)
  • M. Migliorati
    Rome University La Sapienza, Roma
  • M. Venturini
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
 
 

The modeling of the microbunching instability has been carried out for the SPARX FEL accelerator, two configurations have been considered and compared: hybrid compression scheme (velocity bunching plus magnetic compressor) and purely magnetic. The effectiveness of a laser heather in reducing this instability drawbacks on the electron beam quality has also been exploited. Analytical predictions and start to end simulation results are reported in this paper.

 
TU6PFP056 Longitudinal Painting Schemes for H- Charge Exchange Injection into the PS2 injection, simulation, synchrotron, linac 1409
 
  • C. Carli, M. Benedikt, S. Hancock
    CERN, Geneva
  • V. Knuenz, I. Vonderhaid
    TU Vienna, Wien
 
 

Minimization of direct space charge tune shift at injection into the PS2 is important for the reduction of beam losses. A determining parameter for the tune shift is the bunching factor, defined as mean current over peak current for one RF period. Various longitudinal painting schemes for PS2 injection, all based on synchrotron motion, have been studied with respect to the resulting bunching factors. In particular, schemes using the SPL high-frequency chopper and different energy-spreads and offsets of the incoming beam as well as SPL beam energy modulations on have been simulated with the ESME code.

 
TU6PFP068 Longitudinal Painting Studies in the J-PARC RCS injection, simulation, cavity, beam-losses 1445
 
  • F. Tamura, K. Hasegawa, M. Nomura, A. Schnase, T. Shimada, H. Suzuki, M. Yamamoto
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  • K. Hara, C. Ohmori, M. Tada, M. Yoshii
    KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken
 
 

In the J-PARC RCS, we employ the longitudinal painting methods, the momentum offset injection method and applying the second harmonic RF voltages, to increase the bunching factor so that the space-charge tune shift is reduced. By the dual-harmonic operation with wide-band MA loaded cavities, in which each single cavity is driven by a superposition of the fundamental and the second harmonic RF signals, we can generate a large amplitude second harmonic RF voltage without extra cavities for the second harmonic RF. We present the results of the beam tests for the longitudinal painting in the J-PARC RCS. Also, we present the beam behavior at very high beam power.

 
WE5RFP028 Coherent Soft X-Ray Generation in the Water Window with the EEHG Scheme laser, simulation, FEL, radiation 2327
 
  • D. Xiang, G.V. Stupakov
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
  • W.M. Fawley
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
 
 

Funding: This work was supported by U.S. DOE contracts DE-AC03-76SF00515 and under the auspices of the Office of Science, U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.


Recently Stupakov* has suggested a scheme entitled echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) for producing short wavelength FEL radiation that allows far higher harmonic numbers to be accessed as compared with the normal limit arising from incoherent energy spread. We have studied the feasibility of a single EEHG stage to generate coherent radiation in the "water window" (2- 4 nm wavelength) directly from a UV seed laser at ~200-nm wavelength. By adjusting the temporal overlap region of the two lasers producing energy modulation in the EEHG scheme, we find it may be possible to vary the duration of the output coherent soft x-ray pulse. We present time-dependent simulation results which explore these ideas and also examine the sensitivity of the scheme to various input electron beam parameters.


*G. Stupakov, Preprint SLAC-PUB-13445

 
WE5RFP035 Desktop, 20-MW Superradiance FEL at THz Frequencies electron, FEL, undulator, gun 2340
 
  • Y.-C. Huang, C.H. Chen
    NTHU, Hsinchu
  • W.K. Lau
    NSRRC, Hsinchu
 
 

Funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge funding supports from National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, National Tsinghua University, and National Science Council.


We study the generation of THz electron pulse trains from a 6 MeV photocathode electron gun driven by a beat-wave laser with a variable beat frequency [1]. We numerically inject the electrons into a single-pass FEL undulator. Owing to the prebunched electron pulse train, the quick shoot-up of the FEL power overcomes the space-charge debunching force in the 6 MeV beam. With nominal beam parameters and an initial bunching factor >5%, the FEL can reach 20-MW saturation power at 6 THz in a half meter long undulator. The length of this 20MW THz FEL, from the beginning of the electron gun to the end of the wiggler, is less than a meter. We will report our experimental progress of this work in the conference.


[1] Yen-Chieh Huang, “Laser-beat-wave bunched beam for compact superradiance sources,” International Journal of Modern Physics B, Vol. 21 Issue 3/4, p277-286 (2007).

 
WE5RFP044 Tolerance Study for the Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation Free Electron Laser FEL, laser, undulator, dipole 2367
 
  • D. Xiang, G.V. Stupakov
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
 
 

Funding: This work was supported by US DOE contracts DE-AC03-76SF00515


The echo-enabled harmonic generation free electron laser (EEHG FEL) holds great promise in generation of coherent soft x-ray directly from a UV seed laser within one stage. The density modulation in the harmonic generation process is affected by the smearing effect caused by the fluctuations of energy and current along the beam, as well as the field error of the dispersive elements. In this paper we study the tolerance of the EEHG FEL on beam quality and field quality.

 
WE5RFP045 Microbunching Instability in Velocity Bunching solenoid, emittance, electron, FEL 2370
 
  • D. Xiang, J. Wu
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
 
 

Microbunching instability is one of the most challenging threats to FEL performances. The most effective way to suppress microbunching instability is to increase the relative slice energy spread of the beam. In this paper we show that the velocity bunching inherently mitigates the microbunching instability. PARMELA simulation indicates that the initial current modulations are suppressed in velocity bunching process, which may be attributed to the strong Landau damping from the relatively large relative slice energy spread.

 
WE5RFP055 Helical Microbunching of a Relativistic Electron Bunch undulator, laser, electron, radiation 2392
 
  • E. Hemsing, A. Marinelli, P. Musumeci, J.B. Rosenzweig, R. Tikhoplav
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California
  • A. Gover
    University of Tel-Aviv, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv
  • S. Reiche
    PSI, Villigen
 
 

The resonant harmonic interaction of an electron beam (e-beam) with an EM input field in a helical undulator is explored. The e-beam is coupled to the input radiation field at frequency harmonics through transverse gradients in the EM field, and helical micro-bunching of the e-beam is shown to occur naturally at the higher harmonics with the injection of a simple gaussian laser mode onto a cylindrically symmetric e-beam. This approach is under investigation as a method to generate a strongly pre-bunched e-beam seed for superradiant emission of light that carries orbital angular momentum in a downstream free-electron laser.

 
WE5RFP076 Status of UCLA Helical Permanent-Magnet Undulator undulator, electron, simulation, laser 2441
 
  • A. Knyazik, J.B. Rosenzweig, R. Tikhoplav
    UCLA, Los Angeles
 
 

A helical undulator, utilizing permanent-magnet of cylindrically symmetric (Halbach) geometry has been developed at UCLA’s Neptune Facility. The initial prototype is a short 10 cm, 7 periods long helical undulator, designed to test the electron-photon coupling by observing the micro-bunching has been constructed and is currently being tested in the Neptune facility. An Open Iris-Loaded Waveguide Structure (OILS) scheme which conserves laser mode size and wave fronts throughout the undulator, is utilized to avoid Gouy phase shift caused by focusing of the drive laser. Coherent Transition Radiation and Coherent Cherenkov Radiation is used for micro-bunching diagnostic. Currently the undulator has been built, magnets were calibrated via pulsed wire method.

 
TH3GAI03 Designing Neutralized Drift Compression for Focusing of Intense Ion Beam Pulses in Background Plasma ion, focusing, plasma, induction 3090
 
  • I. Kaganovich, R.C. Davidson, M. Dorf, A.B. Sefkow, E. Startsev
    PPPL, Princeton, New Jersey
  • J.J. Barnard
    LLNL, Livermore, California
  • A. Friedman, E. P. Lee, S.M. Lidia, B.G. Logan, P.K. Roy, P.A. Seidl
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • D.R. Welch
    Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, New Mexico
 
 

Funding: Research supported by the US Department of Energy.


Neutralized drift compression offers an effective means for particle beam focusing and current amplification. In neutralized drift compression, a linear radial and longitudinal velocity drift is applied to a beam pulse, so that the beam pulse compresses as it drifts in the focusing section. The beam intensity can increase more than a factor of 100 in both the radial and longitudinal directions, totaling to more than a 10,000 times increase in the beam density during this process. The optimal configuration of focusing elements to mitigate the time-dependent focal plane is discussed in this paper. The self-electric and self-magnetic fields can prevent tight ballistic focusing and have to be neutralized by supplying neutralizing electrons. This paper presents a survey of the present numerical modeling techniques and theoretical understanding of plasma neutralization of intense particle beams. Investigations of intense beam pulse interaction with a background plasma have identified the operating regimes for stable and neutralized propagation of intense charged particle beams.

 

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TH3PBC05 Demonstration of Efficient Electron-Radiation Interaction in a 7th Harmonic IFEL Experiment undulator, electron, laser, FEL 3133
 
  • S. Tochitsky, A.M. Cook, D.J. Haberberger, C. Joshi, P. Musumeci, J.B. Rosenzweig, C. Sung, O. Williams
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California
 
 

Funding: This work was supported by DOE grants DE-FG03-92ER40727 and DE-FG03-92ER40693


Many proposals and ongoing national projects exist worldwide to build a single-pass X-ray FEL amplifier in which a high-brightness, multi-GeV electron beam has a resonant energy exchange with radiation in an undulator. Because of the practical limit on the undulator period, the electron beam energy represents one of constraints on the shortest reachable wavelength. Recently the high-order harmonic FEL/IFEL interactions were considered theoretically as a technique that would allow the reduction of the beam energy without corresponding decrease in the undulator period and the magnetic field strength. We demonstrate microbunching of the 12.3 MeV electrons in a 7th order IFEL interaction, where the seed radiation frequency is seven times higher then the fundamental frequency. Strong longitudinal modulation of the beam is inferred from the observation of the first, second and third harmonics of the seed radiation in a Coherent Transition Radiation spectrum. The level of seed power is comparable to that required for microbunching at the fundamental frequency of the ten-period-long undulator. The implications of these results for the next generation of FELs will be explored.

 

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TH5PFP028 Longitudinal Particle Simulation for J-PARC RCS injection, simulation, extraction, acceleration 3254
 
  • M. Yamamoto, K. Hasegawa, M. Nomura, A. Schnase, T. Shimada, H. Suzuki, F. Tamura
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken
  • E. Ezura, K. Hara, C. Ohmori, M. Tada, A. Takagi, M. Yoshii
    KEK, Ibaraki
  • K. Horino
    Nippon Advanced Technology Co. Ltd., Ibaraki-prefecture
 
 

J-PARC RCS is in the beam commissioning period. Some longitudinal beam gymnastics and the acceleration has been successfully perfomed under the high intensity operation. We have developed a longitudinal particle tracking code, which includes beam loading and space charge effects. The comparison between the beam test result and the particle tracking simulation is described.

 
TH5PFP036 Conceptual Design of a 20 GeV Electron Accelerator for a 50 keV X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Using Emittance Exchange Optics and a Crystallographic Mask emittance, FEL, electron, optics 3275
 
  • S.J. Russell, K. Bishofberger, B.E. Carlsten, D.C. Nguyen, E.I. Simakov
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
 
 

At Los Alamos National Laboratory we are actively exploring the feasibility of constructing a 50-keV x-ray free-electron laser. For such a machine to be feasible, we need to limit the cost and size of the accelerator and, as this is intended as a user facility, we would prefer to use proven, conventional accelerator technology. Using recent developments in transverse-to-transverse and transverse-to-longitudinal emittance exchange optics *, **, we present a conceptual 20-GeV conventional electron accelerator design capable of producing an electron beam with a normalized transverse emittance as low as 0.2 mm-mrad, a root-mean-square (RMS) beam length of 74 fs, and an RMS energy spread of 0.01%. We also explore the possibility of introducing a crystallographic mask into the beam line. Combined with a transverse-to-longitudinal emittance exchange optic, we show that such a mask can be used to modulate the electron beam longitudinally to match the x-ray wavelength. This modulation, combined with the very low transverse beam emittance, allows us to not only generate 50-keV x-rays with a 20-GeV electron beam, but also drastically decrease the length of the required undulator.


*P. Emma, Z. Huang, K. -J. Kim, and P. Piot, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 9, 100702 (2006).
**B. E. Carlsten and K. A. Bishofberger, New J. Phys. 8, 286 (2006).

 
TH5PFP066 Beam Dynamics Study of a C-Band Linac Driven FEL with S-Band Photo-Injector linac, emittance, brightness, solenoid 3355
 
  • V. Fusco, M. Ferrario
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
 
 

High gain free electron lasers require the production of a high brightness electron beam that is a low emittance, high current beam. To this aim the injector and linac design and theirs operation are the leading edge. The successful operation of the SCSS FEL driven by a C-band linac has demonstrated that C-band is a mature technology and it is very attractive in terms of gradient and compactness. In this paper it is described a beam dynamics study, made with the Homdyn code, for a C-band linac driven FEL with S-band photo-injector. The key point is to match the longitudinal phase space of the S-band photo-injector with the C-band linac using the velocity bunching technique. The result is a brightness up to 1015A/m2, obtained with a low emittance and a relaxed peak current.

 
FR5PFP057 Beam Dynamics Simulations of the Velocity Bunching in a Superconducting Linac emittance, linac, gun, simulation 4437
 
  • A. Fukasawa, B.D. O'Shea, J.B. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California
 
 

The velocity bunching is a hot topic in normal conducting photoinjectors to generate high-brightness beams instead of magnetic chicanes in the low energy region. We apply this technique to the superconducting photoinjectors. The linac considered here consists of several 9-cell TESLA cavities, the standard 1.6-cell normal conducting RF gun is assumed, though. In the case of 1.1 nC injection, the peak current increases to 1 kA with 2.6 mm.mrad of the emittance. The peak current can be higher but the emittance becomes worse in that case, and vice versa. We discuss more details on the spot.

 
FR5RFP094 Development of a 1.5+0.5 Cell Photoinjector simulation, electron, emittance, cavity 4758
 
  • B.D. O'Shea, A. Fukasawa, J.T. Moody, P. Musumeci, J.B. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California
  • L. Faillace
    Rome University La Sapienza, Roma
 
 

We present the status of development of a 1.5+0.5 cell photoinjector run in the blowout regime. LANL Parmela simulation results indicate a near uniform beam of slice energy spread on the order of 500 eV when neglecting thermal effects. We examine the use of an extra half cell to control longitudinal beam growth and compare the system in development with previous 1.6 cell photoinjector designs.