CYCLOTRONS 2010 - Classification: 01 Cyclotrons Applications

Paper

Title

Page

The Isochronous Magnetic Field Optimization of HITFiL Cyclotron

48

L.Z. Ma, Q.G. Yao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

A new project named HITFiL (Heavy Ion Therapy Facility in Lanzhou) is being constructed. In this project, a 7 Mev ¹²C⁵⁺ cyclotron is selected as the initial injector providing a 10 μA carbon beam. The isochronous magnetic field optimization of the cyclotron is introduced in this paper. Optimization result shows that the deviations between calculation values and theory are smaller than 5 Gs. In the design process, the sofware OPERA has been utilized for the field calculation and optimization.

MOPCP003

Application of Cyclotrons in Brachytherapy

51

P. Saidi Bidokhti
PPRC, Tehran, Iran
M. Sadeghi
Agricultural, Medical & Industrial Research School, Gohadasht, Iran
A. Shirazi
Tehran University, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran

Cyclotrons are particle accelerator machines which have many applications in industry, technology and medicine. Cyclotrons play an important role in medicine and about 50% of the all particle accelerators running in the world are used in medicine for radiation therapy, medical radioisotopes production, and biomedical research. In this short review the use of cyclotrons for a radiation therapy method, brachytherapy, is discussed. Brachytherapy is a form of radiotherapy where a radioactive source placed on or in the tissue to be irradiated. For a long period the production of radioactive isotopes for medical applications was essentially done in nuclear reactors but due to some advantages of radioisotopes production with cyclotron over a nuclear reactor, in the last two decades several types of cyclotrons have been developed to meet the specific demands of radionuclide production. This talk will briefly explain the technical design, beam transfer and beam delivery systems of cyclotron for brachytherapy radioisotope production; and also will shortly describe some detail of ¹⁰³Pd production in the following: production, targetry, radiochemical separation and seed fabrication.

MOPCP005

Kharkov Compact Cyclotron CV-28: Present and Future Status

54

Y.T. Petrusenko, D.Y. Barankov, D.O. Irzhevskyi, S.M. Shkyryda
NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
R. Hölzle
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

Reported are the present and future statuses of the Kharkov Compact Cyclotron CV-28 donated to the National Science Center - Kharkov Institute of Physics & Technology (NSC KIPT) by the Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany). The cyclotron configuration and special features of new installation at the NSC KIPT are presented. Consideration is given to the problems of promising cyclotron-beam use for investigation and development of materials for fusion reactors and generation-IV nuclear reactors, investigation and production of medical radionuclides, possible applications of a high-energy neutron source based on a deuteron beam and a thick beryllium target.

MOPCP100

Axial Injection Beam Line of a Compact Cyclotron

254

J.Q. Zhang, Y. Cao, L.Z. Ma, A. Shi, M.T. Song, L.P. Sun, X.T. Yang, Q.G. Yao, Z.M. You, X.Q. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, J.H. Zheng
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Axial injection beam line of the therapy cyclotron is presented. It is intended for transportation of the C⁵⁺ ion beam obtained in the permanent magnet ion source. The beam line is only 3.486 m from the ion source to the entrance of spiral inflector, it consists of two sets glasser lens, one set double 90° bend magnet, one quadrupole lens and two solenoid lens. A big vacuum chamber is installed in the vertical part of the beam line, the sinusoidal buncher, the Faraday cap, the slit collimator and chopper are located in the vacuum chamber. The sinusoidal buncher is used for increasing of the seizing efficiency. The Faraday cap is used for the beam diagnostics. The bend magnet with the slit collimator is used for choice of C⁵⁺ ion beam. The chopper is used for choice of the beam utilizing time.

FRM1CIO01

Review on Cyclotrons for Cancer Therapy

398

Y. Jongen
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The science and technology of proton and carbon therapy was initially developed in national and university laboratories. The first hospital based proton therapy facility was built at Loma Linda University with the help from Fermilab. After this initial phase, and starting with the tender for the proton therapy system at MGH, many proton and carbon beam facilities have been ordered from industry and built. Industrially made proton and carbon therapy facilities represent today the vast majority of the installed base.

Slides FRM1CIO01 [2.015 MB]

FRM1CIO02

Introduction to Ion Beam Cancer Therapy

A. Sessler
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

no idea where the abstract went

Slides FRM1CIO02 [1.496 MB]

FRM1CIO04

Fast Scanning Techniques for Cancer Therapy with Hadrons - a Domain of Cyclotrons

410

J.M. Schippers
PSI, Villigen, Switzerland

In protontherapy fast 3D pencil beam scanning is regarded as the most optimal dose delivery method. The two transverse directions are covered by magnetic scanning and fast depth variations are achieved by changing beam energy with a degrader in the beam line. During the transversal scan the beam intensity is varied with kHz speed. This performance has a big impact on the accelerator concept. Routinely a very stable, reproducible and accurate beam intensity is needed, which is adjustable within a ms. Quick changes of the maximum intensity from the cyclotron are also needed when changing treatment room. The eye treatment room at PSI, for example, needs a 5-7 times higher intensity as the Gantry. Dedicated tools and setup procedures are used to switch area within a few seconds. Typical energy variations must be performed within 50-80 ms. In order to compensate the energy dependent variation (factor 100) of the transmission through the degrader it is convenient to compensate this, e.g. with an adjustable beam transport transmission or with Dee voltage. It will be shown that a cyclotron offers the most advantageous possibilities to achieve this ambitious performance.

Slides FRM1CIO04 [9.164 MB]

FRM2CIO01

Review of Cyclotrons Used in the Production of Radio-Isotopes for Biomedical Applications

419

P. Schmor
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada

Cyclotrons are the primary tool for producing the shorter-lived proton-rich radio-isotopes currently used in the biosciences. Although the primary use of the cyclo-tron produced short-lived radio-isotopes is in PET/CT and SPECT diagnostic medical procedures, cyclotrons are also producing longer-lived isotopes for therapeutic pro-cedures. Commercial suppliers are responding by provid-ing a range of cyclotrons in the energy range of 3 to 70 MeV. The cyclotrons generally have multiple beams ser-vicing multiple targets. This paper provides a comparison of some of the capabilities of the various current cyclo-trons. The use of nuclear medicine and the number of cyclotrons providing the needed isotopes is increasing. In the future it is expected that there will be a new genera-tion of small 'table top' cyclotrons providing patient doses on demand.

Slides FRM2CIO01 [5.366 MB]

FRM2CIO02

Medical Cyclotron and Development in China

425

M. Fan
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

The first medical cyclotron CYCIAE-30 in China was designed and constructed by China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), and its construction was finished in 1994. Since then on, medical cyclotron got developed in China, several cyclotrons had been constructed, and some medical experiments and practice had been done with those cyclotrons. Now medical cyclotron develops even quickly in china, several medical cyclotrons are under design and construction. In the meantime, a compact cyclotron virtual prototyping was developed to help the cyclotron design and reduce cyclotron R & D cost.

Slides FRM2CIO02 [4.205 MB]

FRM2CCO04

BNCT System Using 30 MeV H⁻ Cyclotron

430

T. Mitsumoto, K. Fujita, T. Ogasawara, H. Tsutsui, S. Yajima
SHI, Tokyo, Japan
A. Maruhashi, Y. Sakurai, H. Tanaka
KURRI, Osaka, Japan

Kyoto University and Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. have developed an accelerator-based neutron source for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI). In order to obtain 10⁹ n/cm²/sec epithermal neutron for cancer treatment, a newly designed 30 MeV H⁻ AVF cyclotron named HM-30 was constructed and is being operated. With newly developed spiral inflector, the beam current in the central region can exceed 2 mA. The cyclotron is operated stably at 1 mA owing to the limit of the facility. Extracted proton beam is expanded by two scanner magnets in order to moderate heat concentration on the beryllium target, which is directly cooled by water to endure 30 kW heat load. Mainly fast neutrons are emitted from the target, and moderated to epithermal region by a moderator which consists of lead, iron, polyethylene, etc. Thermal neutron flux in a water phantom is measured by gold wire, which is consistent with the calculation using MCNPX. Preclinical studies have been continued with 10B-p-Borono- phenylalanine.

Slides FRM2CCO04 [1.818 MB]

Paper	Title	Page
MOPCP002	The Isochronous Magnetic Field Optimization of HITFiL Cyclotron	48
	L.Z. Ma, Q.G. Yao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	A new project named HITFiL (Heavy Ion Therapy Facility in Lanzhou) is being constructed. In this project, a 7 Mev ¹²C⁵⁺ cyclotron is selected as the initial injector providing a 10 μA carbon beam. The isochronous magnetic field optimization of the cyclotron is introduced in this paper. Optimization result shows that the deviations between calculation values and theory are smaller than 5 Gs. In the design process, the sofware OPERA has been utilized for the field calculation and optimization.

MOPCP003	Application of Cyclotrons in Brachytherapy	51
	P. Saidi Bidokhti PPRC, Tehran, Iran M. Sadeghi Agricultural, Medical & Industrial Research School, Gohadasht, Iran A. Shirazi Tehran University, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
	Cyclotrons are particle accelerator machines which have many applications in industry, technology and medicine. Cyclotrons play an important role in medicine and about 50% of the all particle accelerators running in the world are used in medicine for radiation therapy, medical radioisotopes production, and biomedical research. In this short review the use of cyclotrons for a radiation therapy method, brachytherapy, is discussed. Brachytherapy is a form of radiotherapy where a radioactive source placed on or in the tissue to be irradiated. For a long period the production of radioactive isotopes for medical applications was essentially done in nuclear reactors but due to some advantages of radioisotopes production with cyclotron over a nuclear reactor, in the last two decades several types of cyclotrons have been developed to meet the specific demands of radionuclide production. This talk will briefly explain the technical design, beam transfer and beam delivery systems of cyclotron for brachytherapy radioisotope production; and also will shortly describe some detail of ¹⁰³Pd production in the following: production, targetry, radiochemical separation and seed fabrication.

MOPCP005	Kharkov Compact Cyclotron CV-28: Present and Future Status	54
	Y.T. Petrusenko, D.Y. Barankov, D.O. Irzhevskyi, S.M. Shkyryda NSC/KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine R. Hölzle FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	Reported are the present and future statuses of the Kharkov Compact Cyclotron CV-28 donated to the National Science Center - Kharkov Institute of Physics & Technology (NSC KIPT) by the Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany). The cyclotron configuration and special features of new installation at the NSC KIPT are presented. Consideration is given to the problems of promising cyclotron-beam use for investigation and development of materials for fusion reactors and generation-IV nuclear reactors, investigation and production of medical radionuclides, possible applications of a high-energy neutron source based on a deuteron beam and a thick beryllium target.

MOPCP100	Axial Injection Beam Line of a Compact Cyclotron	254
	J.Q. Zhang, Y. Cao, L.Z. Ma, A. Shi, M.T. Song, L.P. Sun, X.T. Yang, Q.G. Yao, Z.M. You, X.Q. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, J.H. Zheng IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Axial injection beam line of the therapy cyclotron is presented. It is intended for transportation of the C⁵⁺ ion beam obtained in the permanent magnet ion source. The beam line is only 3.486 m from the ion source to the entrance of spiral inflector, it consists of two sets glasser lens, one set double 90° bend magnet, one quadrupole lens and two solenoid lens. A big vacuum chamber is installed in the vertical part of the beam line, the sinusoidal buncher, the Faraday cap, the slit collimator and chopper are located in the vacuum chamber. The sinusoidal buncher is used for increasing of the seizing efficiency. The Faraday cap is used for the beam diagnostics. The bend magnet with the slit collimator is used for choice of C⁵⁺ ion beam. The chopper is used for choice of the beam utilizing time.

FRM1CIO01	Review on Cyclotrons for Cancer Therapy	398
	Y. Jongen IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The science and technology of proton and carbon therapy was initially developed in national and university laboratories. The first hospital based proton therapy facility was built at Loma Linda University with the help from Fermilab. After this initial phase, and starting with the tender for the proton therapy system at MGH, many proton and carbon beam facilities have been ordered from industry and built. Industrially made proton and carbon therapy facilities represent today the vast majority of the installed base.
	Slides FRM1CIO01 [2.015 MB]

FRM1CIO02	Introduction to Ion Beam Cancer Therapy
	A. Sessler LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	no idea where the abstract went
	Slides FRM1CIO02 [1.496 MB]

FRM1CIO04	Fast Scanning Techniques for Cancer Therapy with Hadrons - a Domain of Cyclotrons	410
	J.M. Schippers PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
	In protontherapy fast 3D pencil beam scanning is regarded as the most optimal dose delivery method. The two transverse directions are covered by magnetic scanning and fast depth variations are achieved by changing beam energy with a degrader in the beam line. During the transversal scan the beam intensity is varied with kHz speed. This performance has a big impact on the accelerator concept. Routinely a very stable, reproducible and accurate beam intensity is needed, which is adjustable within a ms. Quick changes of the maximum intensity from the cyclotron are also needed when changing treatment room. The eye treatment room at PSI, for example, needs a 5-7 times higher intensity as the Gantry. Dedicated tools and setup procedures are used to switch area within a few seconds. Typical energy variations must be performed within 50-80 ms. In order to compensate the energy dependent variation (factor 100) of the transmission through the degrader it is convenient to compensate this, e.g. with an adjustable beam transport transmission or with Dee voltage. It will be shown that a cyclotron offers the most advantageous possibilities to achieve this ambitious performance.
	Slides FRM1CIO04 [9.164 MB]

FRM2CIO01	Review of Cyclotrons Used in the Production of Radio-Isotopes for Biomedical Applications	419
	P. Schmor TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	Cyclotrons are the primary tool for producing the shorter-lived proton-rich radio-isotopes currently used in the biosciences. Although the primary use of the cyclo-tron produced short-lived radio-isotopes is in PET/CT and SPECT diagnostic medical procedures, cyclotrons are also producing longer-lived isotopes for therapeutic pro-cedures. Commercial suppliers are responding by provid-ing a range of cyclotrons in the energy range of 3 to 70 MeV. The cyclotrons generally have multiple beams ser-vicing multiple targets. This paper provides a comparison of some of the capabilities of the various current cyclo-trons. The use of nuclear medicine and the number of cyclotrons providing the needed isotopes is increasing. In the future it is expected that there will be a new genera-tion of small 'table top' cyclotrons providing patient doses on demand.
	Slides FRM2CIO01 [5.366 MB]

FRM2CIO02	Medical Cyclotron and Development in China	425
	M. Fan HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	The first medical cyclotron CYCIAE-30 in China was designed and constructed by China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), and its construction was finished in 1994. Since then on, medical cyclotron got developed in China, several cyclotrons had been constructed, and some medical experiments and practice had been done with those cyclotrons. Now medical cyclotron develops even quickly in china, several medical cyclotrons are under design and construction. In the meantime, a compact cyclotron virtual prototyping was developed to help the cyclotron design and reduce cyclotron R & D cost.
	Slides FRM2CIO02 [4.205 MB]

FRM2CCO04	BNCT System Using 30 MeV H⁻ Cyclotron	430
	T. Mitsumoto, K. Fujita, T. Ogasawara, H. Tsutsui, S. Yajima SHI, Tokyo, Japan A. Maruhashi, Y. Sakurai, H. Tanaka KURRI, Osaka, Japan
	Kyoto University and Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. have developed an accelerator-based neutron source for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI). In order to obtain 10⁹ n/cm²/sec epithermal neutron for cancer treatment, a newly designed 30 MeV H⁻ AVF cyclotron named HM-30 was constructed and is being operated. With newly developed spiral inflector, the beam current in the central region can exceed 2 mA. The cyclotron is operated stably at 1 mA owing to the limit of the facility. Extracted proton beam is expanded by two scanner magnets in order to moderate heat concentration on the beryllium target, which is directly cooled by water to endure 30 kW heat load. Mainly fast neutrons are emitted from the target, and moderated to epithermal region by a moderator which consists of lead, iron, polyethylene, etc. Thermal neutron flux in a water phantom is measured by gold wire, which is consistent with the calculation using MCNPX. Preclinical studies have been continued with 10B-p-Borono- phenylalanine.
	Slides FRM2CCO04 [1.818 MB]