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Ben-Zvi, I.

Paper Title Page
MPPE027 Modeling of Non-linear Effects in RF Cavities
 
  • D.T. Abell, D.L. Bruhwiler
    Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado
  • I. Ben-Zvi
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
 
  Funding: DOE: DE-FG02-03ER83796.

Emerging accelerator applications require beam radii comparable to RF cavity apertures, placing new demands on the modeling of particle motion in RF cavities using map-based techniques. A new method has been developed for computing nonlinear maps for arbitrary RF cavities.* We describe this new approach and present comparisons with more traditional approaches.

*D.T. Abell, in preparation.

 
TPAE057 A Multibunch Plasma Wakefield Accelerator 3384
 
  • E.K. Kallos, T.C. Katsouleas, P. Muggli
    USC, Los Angeles, California
  • M. Babzien, I. Ben-Zvi, K. Kusche, P.I. Pavlishin, I. Pogorelsky, V. Yakimenko
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • W.D. Kimura
    STI, Washington
  • F. Zhou
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California
 
  We investigate a plasma wakefield acceleration scheme where a train of electron microbunches feeds into a high density plasma. When the microbunch train enters such a plasma that has a corresponding plasma wavelength equal to the microbunch separation distance, a strong wakefield is expected to be resonantly driven to an amplitude that is at least one order of magnitude higher than that using an unbunched beam. PIC simulations have been performed using the beamline parameters of the Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Test Facility operating in the configuration of the STELLA inverse free electron laser (IFEL) experiment. A 65 MeV electron beam is modulated by a 10.6 um CO2 laser beam via an IFEL interaction. This produces a train of ~90 microbunches separated by the laser wavelength. In this paper, we present both a simple theoretical treatment and simulation results that demonstrate promising results for the multibunch technique as a plasma-based accelerator.  
TPAP043 Electron Cooling of RHIC 2741
 
  • I. Ben-Zvi, D.S. Barton, D.B. Beavis, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, A. Burrill, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, X.Y. Chang, R. Connolly, Yu.I. Eidelman, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, D.M. Gassner, H. Hahn, M. Harrison, A. Hershcovitch, H.-C. Hseuh, A.K. Jain, P.D.J. Johnson, D. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.F. Lambiase, V. Litvinenko, W.W. MacKay, G.J. Mahler, N. Malitsky, G.T. McIntyre, W. Meng, K.A.M. Mirabella, C. Montag, T.C.N. Nehring, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, G. Parzen, D. Pate, J. Rank, T. Rao, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Scaduto, K. Smith, D. Trbojevic, G. Wang, J. Wei, N.W.W. Williams, K.-C. Wu, V. Yakimenko, A. Zaltsman, Y. Zhao
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • D.T. Abell, D.L. Bruhwiler
    Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado
  • H. Bluem, A. Burger, M.D. Cole, A.J. Favale, D. Holmes, J. Rathke, T. Schultheiss, A.M.M. Todd
    AES, Princeton, New Jersey
  • A.V. Burov, S. Nagaitsev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
  • J.R. Delayen, Y.S. Derbenev, L. W. Funk, P. Kneisel, L. Merminga, H.L. Phillips, J.P. Preble
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • I. Koop, V.V. Parkhomchuk, Y.M. Shatunov, A.N. Skrinsky
    BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
  • I.N. Meshkov, A.O. Sidorin, A.V. Smirnov, G.V. Troubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
  • J.S. Sekutowicz
    DESY, Hamburg
 
  We report progress on the R&D program for electron-cooling of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). This electron cooler is designed to cool 100 GeV/nucleon at storage energy using 54 MeV electrons. The electron source will be a superconducting RF photocathode gun. The accelerator will be a superconducting energy recovery linac. The frequency of the accelerator is set at 703.75 MHz. The maximum electron bunch frequency is 9.38 MHz, with bunch charge of 20 nC. The R&D program has the following components: The photoinjector and its photocathode, the superconducting linac cavity, start-to-end beam dynamics with magnetized electrons, electron cooling calculations including benchmarking experiments and development of a large superconducting solenoid. The photoinjector and linac cavity are being incorporated into an energy recovery linac aimed at demonstrating ampere class current at about 20 MeV. A Zeroth Order Design Report is in an advanced draft state, and can be found on the web at http://www.agsrhichome.bnl.gov/eCool/.

Under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy, Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886.

 
TPAP058 Beam-Beam Simulations for Double-Gaussian Beams 3405
 
  • C. Montag, I. Ben-Zvi, V. Litvinenko, N. Malitsky
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
 
  Funding: Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy.

Electron cooling together with intra-beam scattering results in a transverse distribution that can best be described by a sum of two Gaussians, one for the high-density core and one for the tails of the distribution. Simulation studies are being performed to understand the beam-beam interaction of these double-Gaussian beams. Here we report the effect of low-frequency random tune modulations on diffusion in double-Gaussian beams and compare the effects to those in beam-beam interactions with regular Gaussian beams and identical tuneshift parameters.

 
TPAT033 Experimental Characterizations of 4-D Transverse Phase-Space of a Compressed Beam 2263
 
  • F. Zhou, R.B. Agustsson, G. Andonian, D. Cline, A.Y. Murokh, J.B. Rosenzweig
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California
  • I. Ben-Zvi, V. Yakimenko
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
 
  Funding: Work supported by U.S. DOE.

Coherent synchrotron radiation can significantly distort beam phase spaces in longitudinal direction and bending plane through a bunch compressor. A tomography technique is used to reconstruct transverse phase space of electron beam. Transverse 4-D phase spaces are systematically measured at UCLA/ATF compressor and their characteristics with different bunch compression conditions are analyzed.

 
TPAT089 Cooling Dynamics Studies and Scenarios for the RHIC Cooler 4236
 
  • A.V. Fedotov, I. Ben-Zvi, V. Litvinenko
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • A.O. Sidorin, A.V. Smirnov, G.V. Troubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886

In this paper, we discuss various cooling dynamics studies for RHIC, such as an equilibrium process between intra-beam scattering within ion bunch and electron cooling, critical number of electrons needed, magnetized cooling logarithm and resulting requirements on parameters of electron beam, effects of solenoid errors, etc. We also present simulations of various possibilities of using electron cooling at RHIC, which includes cooling at the top energy, pre-cooling at low energy, aspects of transverse and longitudinal cooling and their impact on the luminosity. Electron cooling at various collision energies both for heavy ions and protons is also discussed.

 
TPAT090 Simulations of High-Energy Electron Cooling 4251
 
  • A.V. Fedotov, I. Ben-Zvi, Yu.I. Eidelman, V. Litvinenko, N. Malitsky
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • D.L. Bruhwiler
    Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado
  • I.N. Meshkov, A.O. Sidorin, A.V. Smirnov, G.V. Troubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.

High-energy electron cooling of RHIC presents many unique features and challenges. An accurate estimate of the cooling times requires a detailed calculation of the cooling process, which takes place simultaneously with various diffusive mechanisms in RHIC. In addition, many unexplored effects of high-energy cooling in a collider complicate the task of getting very accurate estimates of cooling times. To address these high-energy cooling issues, a detailed study of cooling dynamics based on computer codes is underway at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In this paper, we present an update on code development and its application to the high-energy cooling dynamics studies for RHIC.

 
TPAT091 IBS for Ion Distribution Under Electron Cooling 4263
 
  • A.V. Fedotov, I. Ben-Zvi, Yu.I. Eidelman, V. Litvinenko, G. Parzen
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • A.O. Sidorin, A.V. Smirnov, G.V. Troubnikov
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.

Standard models of the intra-beam scattering (IBS) are based on the growth of the rms beam parameters for a Gaussian beam distribution. As a result of electron cooling, the core of beam distribution is cooled much faster than the tails, producing a denser core. Formation of such a core is an important feature since it plays dominant role in the luminosity increase. A simple use of standard rms-based IBS approach may significantly underestimate IBS for the beam core. A detailed treatment of IBS, which depends on individual particle amplitudes, was recently proposed by Burov,* with an analytic formulation done for a Gaussian distribution. However, during the cooling process the beam distribution quickly deviates from a Gaussian profile. To understand the extent of the dense core formation in the ion distribution, the "core-tail" model for IBS, based on the diffusion coefficients for bi-Gaussian distributions, was employed in cooling studies for RHIC. In addition, the standard IBS theory was recently reformulated for rms parameters growth of a bi-Gaussian distribution by Parzen.** In this paper, we compare various approaches to IBS treatment for such distribution. Its impact on the luminosity is also discussed.

*A. Burov, FERMILAB-TM-2213 (2003). **G. Parzen, Tech Note C-AD/AP/150 (2004).

 
TPAT092 Numerical Studies of the Friction Force for the RHIC Electron Cooler 4278
 
  • A.V. Fedotov, I. Ben-Zvi, V. Litvinenko
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • D.T. Abell, D.L. Bruhwiler, R. Busby, P. Schoessow
    Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado
 
  Funding: Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy.

Accurate calculation of electron cooling times requires an accurate description of the dynamical friction force. The proposed RHIC cooler will require ~55 MeV electrons, which must be obtained from an RF linac, leading to very high transverse electron temperatures. A strong solenoid will be used to magnetize the electrons and suppress the transverse temperature, but the achievable magnetized cooling logarithm will not be large. Available formulas for magnetized dynamical friction are derived in the logarithmic approximation, which is questionable in this regime. In this paper, we explore the magnetized friction force for parameters of the RHIC cooler, using the VORPAL code.* VORPAL can simulate dynamical friction and diffusion coefficients directly from first principles.** Various aspects of the friction force, such as dependence on magnetic field, scaling with ion charge number and others, are addressed for the problem of high-energy electron cooling in the RHIC regime.

*C. Nieter & J.R. Cary, J. Comp. Phys. 196 (2004), p. 448. **D.L. Bruhwiler et al., Proc. 33rd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop (2004).

 
TPPE041 Multi-Alkali Photocathode Development at Brookhaven National Lab for Application in Superconducting Photoinjectors 2672
 
  • A. Burrill, I. Ben-Zvi, D. Pate, T. Rao, Z. Segalov
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • D. Dowell
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California
 
  In this paper we will report our progress on the development of cesium potassium antimonide photocathodes and their application in superconducting photoinjectors. Quantum efficiencies of 2-3 % at 545 nm, and 10% at 365 nm have been routinely obtained in the test stand, and electron emission uniformity, quantum efficiency at a variety of wavelengths, and lifetime under different vacuum conditions has been well characterized. The extraction of high charge per laser pulse will also be addressed in addition to the comparison of results from two different deposition techniques.  
TPPE042 Study of Secondary Emission Enhanced Photoinjector 2711
 
  • X.Y. Chang, I. Ben-Zvi, A. Burrill, P.D.J. Johnson, J. Kewisch, T. Rao, Z. Segalov, Y. Zhao
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
 
  The secondary emission enhanced photoinjector (SEEP) is a very promising new approach to the generation of high-current, high-brightness electron beams. Primary electrons with a few thousand electron-volts of energy strike a specially prepared diamond window. The large Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) provides a multiplication of the number of electrons by about two orders of magnitude. The secondary electrons drift through the diamond under an electric field and emerge into the accelerating proper of the “gun” through a Negative Electron Affinity (NEA) surface of the diamond (Hydrogen terminated). We present the calculation of heating power sources and the temperature distribution in details. Some properties of the secondary electron beam related to beam dynamics are also reported. The results show feasibility of this kind of cathode.  
TPPE043 Electron Beam Generation and Transport for the RHIC Electron Cooler 2774
 
  • J. Kewisch, I. Ben-Zvi, X.Y. Chang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
 
  Funding: Work performed under Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy.

An electron cooler, based on an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) is under development for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. This will be the first electron cooler operating at high energy with bunched beams. A better understanding of the cooling process and more accurate measurements of Intra Beam Scattering in RHIC have imposed increased requirements on the electron accelerator: Besides a doubling of the bunch charge to 20 nC, the strength of the cooling solenoid was increased five-fold to 5 Tesla. The magnetic field on the cathode should be increased to 500 Gauss to match the magnetization required in the cooling solenoid. This paper reports the measures taken to minimize the electron beam emittance in the cooling section. The front-to-end simulation using different tracking codes is presented.

 
TPPE061 RF Design and Operating Performance of the BNL/AES 1.3 GHz Single Cell Superconducting RF Photocathode Electron Gun 3514
 
  • M.D. Cole
    AES, Medford, NY
  • I. Ben-Zvi, A. Burrill, H. Hahn, T. Rao, Y. Zhao
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • P. Kneisel
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
 
  Over the past several years Advanced Energy Systems and BNL have been collaborating on the development and testing of a fully superconducting photocathode electron gun. Over the past year we have begun to realize significant results which have been published elsewhere.* This paper will review the RF design of the gun under test and present results of its performance under various operating conditions. Results for cavity quality factor will be presented for various operating temperatures and cavity field gradients. We will discuss various methods of determining the cavity fields and the extent of agreement between them. We will also discuss future plans for testing using this gun.

*Photoemission studies on BNL/AES all niobium, Superconducting RF injector, T. Rao, these proceedings.

 
TPPP043 ERL Based Electron-Ion Collider eRHIC 2768
 
  • V. Litvinenko, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Ben-Zvi, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, R. Calaga, X.Y. Chang, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, D. Kayran, J. Kewisch, W.W. MacKay, C. Montag, B. Parker, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, A. Ruggiero, T. Satogata, B. Surrow, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, V. Yakimenko, S.Y. Zhang
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • A. Deshpande
    Stony Brook University, Stony Brook
  • M. Farkhondeh
    MIT, Middleton, Massachusetts
 
  Funding: Work performed under Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the auspices of the US Department of Energy.

We present the designs of a future polarized electron-hadron collider, eRHIC* based on a high current super-conducting energy-recovery linac (ERL) with energy of electrons up to 20 GeV. We plan to operate eRHIC in both dedicated (electron-hadrons only) and parallel(with the main hadron-hadron collisions) modes. The eRHIC has very large tunability range of c.m. energies while maintaining very high luminosity up to 1034 cm-2 s-1 per nucleon. Two of the most attractive features of this scheme are full spin transparency of the ERL at all operational energies and the capability to support up to four interaction points. We present two main layouts of the eRHIC, the expected beam and luminosity parameter, and discuss the potential limitation of its performance.

*http://www.agsrhichome.bnl.gov/eRHIC/, Appendix A: Linac-Ring Option.

 
TPPT069 Design Considerations for the Mechanical Tuner of the RHIC Electron Cooler SRF Cavity 3786
 
  • J. Rank, I. Ben-Zvi, M. Blaskiewicz, H. Hahn, G.T. McIntyre
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
 
  Funding: Work is supported by the DOD Joint Technology Office and by the U.S. Department of Energy.

The ECX Project, Brookhaven Lab's predecessor to the RHIC e-Cooler, includes a prototype RF tuner mechanism capable of both coarse and fine tuning of the superconducting RF cavity. This tuner is adapted originally from a DESY design concept but with a longer stroke and significantly higher loads due to our very stiff cavity shape. Structural design, kinematics, controls, thermal and RF issues are discussed and certain improvements are proposed.

 
WPAP033 State-of-the-Art Electron Guns and Injector Designs for Energy Recovery Linacs (ERL) 2292
 
  • A.M.M. Todd, A. Ambrosio, H. Bluem, V. Christina, M.D. Cole, M. Falletta, D. Holmes, E. Peterson, J. Rathke, T. Schultheiss, R. Wong
    AES, Medford, NY
  • I. Ben-Zvi, A. Burrill, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, X.Y. Chang, H. Hahn, D. Kayran, J. Kewisch, V. Litvinenko, G.T. McIntyre, T. Nicoletti, J. Rank, T. Rao, J. Scaduto, K.-C. Wu, A. Zaltsman, Y. Zhao
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • S.V. Benson, E. Daly, D. Douglas, H.F.D. Dylla, L. W. Funk, C. Hernandez-Garcia, J. Hogan, P. Kneisel, J. Mammosser, G. Neil, H.L. Phillips, J.P. Preble, R.A. Rimmer, C.H. Rode, T. Siggins, T. Whitlach, M. Wiseman
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
  • I.E. Campisi
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
  • P. Colestock, J.P. Kelley, S.S. Kurennoy, D.C. Nguyen, W. Reass, D. Rees, S.J. Russell, D.L. Schrage, R.L. Wood
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  • D. Janssen
    FZR, Dresden
  • J.W. Lewellen
    ANL, Argonne, Illinois
  • J.S. Sekutowicz
    DESY, Hamburg
  • L.M. Young
    TechSource, Santa Fe, New Mexico
 
  Funding: This work is supported by NAVSEA, NSWC Crane, the Office of Naval Research, the DOD Joint Technology Office and by the U.S. DOE.

A key technology issue of ERL devices for high-power free-electron laser (FEL) and 4th generation light sources is the demonstration of reliable, high-brightness, high-power injector operation. Ongoing programs that target up to 1 Ampere injector performance at emittance values consistent with the requirements of these applications are described. We consider that there are three possible approaches that could deliver the required performance. The first is a DC photocathode gun and superconducting RF (SRF) booster cryomodule. Such a 750 MHz device is being integrated and will be tested up to 100 mA at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility beginning in 2007. The second approach is a high-current normal-conducting RF photoinjector. A 700 MHz gun will undergo thermal test in 2006 at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, which, if successful, when equipped with a suitable cathode, would be capable of 1 Ampere operation. The last option is an SRF gun. A half-cell 703 MHz SRF gun capable of delivering 1.0 Ampere will be tested to 0.5 Ampere at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in 2006. The fabrication status, schedule and projected performance for each of these state-of-the-art injector programs will be presented.

 
WPAP038 Photoemission Studies on BNL/AES/JLab all Niobium, Superconducting RF Injector 2556
 
  • T. Rao, I. Ben-Zvi, A. Burrill, H. Hahn, D. Kayran, Y. Zhao
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • M.D. Cole
    AES, Medford, NY
  • P. Kneisel
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
 
  Funding: Under contract with the U.S. DOE, Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.

Photoemission from all niobium superconducting injector is of considerable interest for the development of higher average current electron sources. In the past year, we have generated photocurrent from such an injector by irradiating the back wall of the 1/2 cell cavity with 248 nm and 266 nm laser beams. In this paper, we present the results of these measurements including the quantum efficiency, and its dependence on the field and wavelength. Issues related to the quenching of the cavity by the laser radiation will also be addressed.

 
WPAT049 The Penetrability of a Thin Metallic Film Inside the RF Field 3073
 
  • Y. Zhao, I. Ben-Zvi, R.H. Beuttenmuller, X.Y. Chang, C. Chen, R. Di Nardo, T. Rao
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
 
  Funding: Under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy, Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886.

Thin metallic film was widely applied in varies area. Especially, recently we are planning to apply it in a "Secondary emission enhanced photo-injector," of which a diamond cathode is coated with a golden film or so on its back to serve as a current path. The thickness of the film is originally considered to be in the order of 10 nm, which is much less than the skin depth, say 1/200. Since it is so thin, that intuitively the RF filed is penetrable. However, we found it is not true. The film will block most of the field. This paper addresses theoretic analysis as well as the experimental results. All demonstrated that the penetrability of a thin film is very poor. Consequently, most of the RF current will flow on the thin film causing a serous heating problem.

 
WPAT091 Fabrication and Final Field Tuning of Copper Cavity Models for a High-Current SRF ERL at 703.75 MHz 4257
 
  • M.D. Cole, A. Burger, M. Falletta, D. Holmes, E. Peterson, R. Wong
    AES, Medford, NY
  • I. Ben-Zvi
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
 
  Advanced Energy Systems is currently under contract to BNL to fabricate a five cell superconducting cavity and cryomodule for the RHIC eCooler SRF Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) program.* The cavity is designed and optimized for ampere class SRF ERL service. As part of this program, we have fabricated two low power copper models of the RF cavities. During the fabrication process a series of frequency measurements were made and compared to the frequency expected at that point in the fabrication process. Where possible, the cavity was modified either before or during, the next fabrication step to tune the cavity frequency toward the target frequency. Following completion of the cavities they were tuned for field flatness and frequency. This paper will review the measurements made, frequency tuning performed, and discuss discrepancies between the expected and measured results. We will also review the as fabricated field profiles and the results of the tuning steps. Further, the cost and benefits of extensive in process tuning will be discussed from an industrial perspective.

*Electron cooling of RHIC, Ilan Ben-Zvi, these proceedings.

 
RPAP043 Beam-Based Alignment in the RHIC eCooling Solenoids 2771
 
  • P. Cameron, I. Ben-Zvi, W.C. Dawson, J. Kewisch, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, C. Montag, J. Niedziela, V. Ptitsyn, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, V. Yakimenko
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
 
  Funding: U.S. DOE.

Accurate alignment of the electron and ion beams in the RHIC electron cooling solenoids is crucial for well-optimized cooling. Because of the greatly differing rigidities of the electron and ion beams, to achieve the specified alignment accuracy it is required that transverse magnetic fields resulting from imperfections in solenoid fabrication be down by five orders of magnitude relative to the pure solenoid fields. Shimming the solenoid field to this accuracy might be accomplished by survey techniques prior to operation with beam, or by methods of beam-based alignment. We report on the details of a method of beam-based alignment, as well as the results of preliminary measurements with the ion beam at RHIC

 
RPPE009 Extremely High Current, High-Brightness Energy Recovery Linac 1150
 
  • I. Ben-Zvi, D.S. Barton, D.B. Beavis, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, A. Burrill, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, X.Y. Chang, R. Connolly, D.M. Gassner, J.G. Grimes, H. Hahn, A. Hershcovitch, H.-C. Hseuh, P.D.J. Johnson, D. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.F. Lambiase, V. Litvinenko, G.T. McIntyre, W. Meng, T.C.N. Nehring, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, D. Pate, J. Rank, T. Rao, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Scaduto, Z. Segalov, K. Smith, N.W.W. Williams, K.-C. Wu, V. Yakimenko, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, Y. Zhao
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • H. Bluem, A. Burger, M.D. Cole, A.J. Favale, D. Holmes, J. Rathke, T. Schultheiss, A.M.M. Todd
    AES, Princeton, New Jersey
  • J.R. Delayen, L. W. Funk, P. Kneisel, H.L. Phillips, J.P. Preble
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
 
  Funding: Under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. DOD Office of Naval Research and Joint Technology Office.

Next generation ERL light-sources, high-energy electron coolers, high-power Free-Electron Lasers, powerful Compton X-ray sources and many other accelerators were made possible by the emerging technology of high-power, high-brightness electron beams. In order to get the anticipated performance level of ampere-class currents, many technological barriers are yet to be broken. BNL’s Collider-Accelerator Department is pursuing some of these technologies for its electron cooling of RHIC application, as well as a possible future electron-hadron collider. We will describe work on CW, high-current and high-brightness electron beams. This will include a description of a superconducting, laser-photocathode RF gun and an accelerator cavity capable of producing low emittance (about 1 micron rms normalized) one nano-Coulomb bunches at currents of the order of one ampere average.

 
RPPE032 Measurement of the Secondary Emission Yield of a Thin Diamond Window in Transmission Mode 2251
 
  • X.Y. Chang, I. Ben-Zvi, A. Burrill, S. Hulbert, P.D.J. Johnson, J. Kewisch, T. Rao, Z. Segalov, J. Smedley, Y. Zhao
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
 
  The secondary emission enhanced photoinjector (SEEP) is a promising new approach to the generation of high-current, high-brightness electron beams. A low current primary electron beam with energy of a few thousand electron-volts strikes a specially prepared diamond window which emits secondary electrons with a current two orders of magnitude higher. The secondary electrons are created at the back side of the diamond and drift through the window under the influence of a strong electrical field. A hydrogen termination at the exit surface of the window creates a negative electron affinity (NEA) which allows the electrons to leave the diamond. An experiment was performed to measure the secondary electron yield and other properties. The results are discussed in this paper.  
RPPT022 Optics for High Brightness and High Current ERL Project at BNL 1775
 
  • D. Kayran, I. Ben-Zvi, R. Calaga, X.Y. Chang, J. Kewisch, V. Litvinenko
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
 
  Funding: Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy and partially funded by the US Department of Defence

An energy recovery linac (ERL), under development at Brookhaven National Laboratory [1,2], will push ERLs further towards high current and high brightness beams. This R&D ERL will operate in two modes: a high current mode and a high charge mode. In this paper we present a lattice of the machine and PARMELA simulations from the cathode to the beam dump. We discuss the design considerations and present main parameters for various modes of operation.

 
RPPT031 Recent Results from and Future Plans for the VISA II SASE FEL 2167
 
  • G. Andonian, R.B. Agustsson, P. Frigola, A.Y. Murokh, C. Pellegrini, S. Reiche, J.B. Rosenzweig, G. Travish
    UCLA, Los Angeles, California
  • M. Babzien, I. Ben-Zvi, V. Litvinenko, V. Yakimenko
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • I. Boscolo, S. Cialdi, A.F. Flacco
    INFN-Milano, Milano
  • M. Ferrario, L. Palumbo, C. Vicario
    INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
  • J.Y. Huang
    PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk
 
  As the promise of X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FEL) comes close to realization, the creation and diagnosis of ultra-short pulses is of great relevance in the SASE FEL (Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission) community. The VISA II (Visible to Infrared SASE Amplifier) experiment entails the use of a chirped electron beam to drive a high gain SASE FEL at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) in Brookhaven National Labs (BNL). The resulting ultra-short pulses will be diagnosed using an advanced FROG (Frequency Resolved Optical Gating) technique, as well as a double differential spectrum (angle/wavelength) diagnostic. Implementation of sextupole corrections to the longitudinal aberrations affecting the high energy-spread chirped beam during transport to the VISA undulator is studied. Start-to-end simulations, including radiation diagnostics, are discussed. Initial experimental results involving a highly chirped beam transported without sextupole correction, the resulting high gain lasing, and computational analysis are briefly reported.  
RPPT032 High Current Energy Recovery Linac at BNL 2242
 
  • V. Litvinenko, D.B. Beavis, I. Ben-Zvi, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, A. Burrill, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, X.Y. Chang, R. Connolly, D.M. Gassner, H. Hahn, A. Hershcovitch, H.-C. Hseuh, P.D.J. Johnson, D. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.F. Lambiase, G.J. Mahler, G.T. McIntyre, W. Meng, T.C.N. Nehring, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, D. Pate, J. Rank, T. Rao, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Scaduto, K. Smith, N.W.W. Williams, K.-C. Wu, V. Yakimenko, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, Y. Zhao
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
  • H. Bluem, A. Burger, M.D. Cole, A.J. Favale, D. Holmes, J. Rathke, T. Schultheiss, A.M.M. Todd
    AES, Princeton, New Jersey
  • J.R. Delayen, L. W. Funk, H.L. Phillips, J.P. Preble
    Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
 
  Funding: Work performed under Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy.

We present the design and the parameters of a small Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) facility, which is under construction at BNL. This R&D facility has goals to demonstrate CW operation of ERL with average beam current in the range of 0.1 - 1 ampere, combined with very high efficiency of energy recovery. The possibility for future up-grade to a two-pass ERL is being considered. The heart of the facility is a 5-cell 703.75 MHz super-conducting RF linac with HOM damping. Flexible lattice of ERL provides a test-bed for testing issues of transverse and longitudinal instabilities and diagnostics of intense CW e-beam. We present the status and plans for this facility.

 
RPPT033 Potential Use of eRHIC’s 10-to-20 GeV ERL for FELs and Light Sources 2266
 
  • V. Litvinenko, I. Ben-Zvi
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
 
  Funding: Work performed under Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the auspices of the US Department of Energy.

One of the designs of a future electron-hadron collider, eRHIC, is based on a 5-10 GeV high current energy-recovery linac (ERL) with possible extension of its energy to 20 GeV. This ERL will operate with high brightness electron beams, which naturally match requirements for X-ray FELs and other next generation light sources. In this paper we discuss possible scenarios of using the eRHIC ERL in parasitic and dedicated mode for SASE, HGHG and oscillator X-ray FELs.

*http://www.agsrhichome.bnl.gov/eRHIC/, Appendix A: Linac-Ring Option