Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Cornell-Brookhaven Energy-Recovery-Linac Test Accelerator (CBETA) will provide a 150-MeV electron beam using four acceleration and four deceleration passes through the Cornell Main Linac Cryomodule housing six 1.3-GHz superconducting RF cavities. The return path of this 76-m-circumference accelerator will be provided by 106 fixed-field alternating-gradient (FFAG) cells which carry the four beams of 42, 78, 114 and 150-MeV. Here we describe magnet designs for the splitter and combiner regions which serve to match the on-axis linac beam to the off-axis beams in the FFAG cells, providing the path-length adjustment necessary to energy recovery for each of the four beams. The path lengths of the four beamlines in each of the splitter and combiner regions are designed to be adapted to 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-pass staged operations. Design specifications and modeling for the 24 dipole and 32 quadrupole electromagnets in each region are presented. The CBETA project will serve as the first demonstration of multi-pass energy recovery using superconducting RF cavities with FFAG cell optics for the return loop.
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Cornell Electron Storage Ring operations group is planning a major upgrade of the storage ring performance as an X-ray user facility. The principal modification foresees replacing the former e−e+ interaction region with six double-bend achromats, reducing the emittance by a factor of four. The beam energy will increase from 5.3 to 6.0 GeV and single-beam operation will replace the present two-beam e−e+ operation. The initial phase of the project will operate a single positron beam, so electron cloud buildup may contribute to performance limitations. This work describes a synchrotron radiation analysis of the new ring, and employs its results to provide ring-wide estimates of cloud buildup and consequences for the lattice optics.
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
We report on measurements of electron cloud (EC) induced tune shifts and emittance growth at the Cornell Electron-Positron Storage Ring Test Accelerator (CesrTA) with comparison to tracking simulation predictions. Experiments were performed with 2.1 GeV positrons in a 30 bunch train with 14 ns bunch spacing and 9 mm bunch length, plus a witness bunch at varying distance from the train to probe the cloud as it decays. Complementary data with an electron beam were obtained to distinguish EC effects from other sources of tune shifts and emittance growth. High resolution electric field maps are computed with EC buildup simulation codes (ECLOUD) in the small region around the beam as the bunch passes through the cloud. These time-sliced field maps are input to a tracking simulation based on a weak-strong model of the interaction of the positron beam (weak) with the electron cloud (strong). Tracking through the full lattice over multiple radiation damping times with electron cloud elements in the dipole and field-free regions predict vertical emittance growth, and tune shifts in agreement with the measurements.
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
The planned upgrade of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring as an X-ray source for CHESS will include an increase in beam energy and decrease in emittance from 100 nm-rad at 5.3 GeV to 30 nm-rad at 6 GeV, increase in beam current from 120 to 200 mA, continuous top-off injection of the single circulating beam, and four new zero dispersion inser- tion straights that can each accommodate a pair of canted undulators. The existing sextant of the storage ring arc that serves as the source for all of the CHESS X-ray beam lines will be reconfigured with 6 double-bend achromats, each consisting of two pairs of horizontally focusing quadrupoles, and a single pair of combined-function gradient bend magnets. The chromaticity will be compensated by the existing sextupoles in the legacy FODO arcs. We describe details of the linear optics, sextupole distributions to maximize dynamic aperture and injection efficiency, and characterization of magnetic field and alignment error tolerance.
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA