LINAC2018 - Classification: Proton and Ion Accelerators and Applications / Room temperature structures

Paper	Title	Page
MOPO084	The Simulation and Manufacture of the Room Temperature CH-DTL	177
	J.H. Li, G. Han China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, People’s Republic of China C.G. Li CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Z. Li SCU, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
	The room temperature Cross-bar H Type Drift Tube Linac (CH-DTL) is one of the candidate acceleration structures working in CW mode. In order to optimize the parameters, the 3 dimensional electromagnetic field of the CH-DTL cavity is simulated. The method of parameter sweeping with constraint variable is better than the method of parameter sweeping with only one variable during the optimization. In order to simplify the manufacture, the drift tube surface can be designed as spherical shape. The CH-DTL cavity has been manufactured and tested.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO084
About •	paper received ※ 31 August 2018 paper accepted ※ 21 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MOPO085	Prototype of an Inter-digital H-mode Drift-tube Linac for Muon Linac	180
	Y. Nakazawa, H. Iinuma Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan K. Hasegawa, Y. Kondo, T. Morishita JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan N. Hayashizaki RLNR, Tokyo, Japan Y. Iwashita Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan Y. Iwata NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan N. Kawamura, T. Mibe, M. Otani, T. Yamazaki, M. Yoshida KEK, Ibaraki, Japan R. Kitamura, H.Y. Yasuda University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan N. Saito J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan Y. Sue Nagoya University, Graduate School of Science, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
	An inter-digital H-mode (IH) drift-tube linac (DTL) is developed for a low velocity part in a muon linac at the J-PARC E34 experiment. It will accelerate muons from v/c = 0.08 to 0.28 at an operational frequency of 324 MHz. In order to achieve higher acceleration efficiency and make cost lower, an alternative phase focusing (APF) scheme is adopted. A prototype with 6 cells of 0.45 m length was manufactured. The prototype accelerates muons from v/c = 0.08 to 0.15 stage. We conducted frequency measurement and bead-pull measurement as a low-power measurement, in order to evaluate the prototype product. In this paper, the results of the low-power measurement for prototype cavity will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO085
About •	paper received ※ 10 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MOPO087	Cold Test of Hybrid RFQ Prototype	184
SPWR012	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	P.Y. Yu, Y. He, C.X. Li, F.F. Wang, Z.J. Wang, B. Zhang IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
	Hybrid RFQ is proposed as a potential good choice at the low-energy range of linear accelerator, which is combined by four-vane RFQ structure and CH-DTL structure. It has higher energy gain rate compared to conventional RFQ, and it is more compact than traditional DTL. In order to research on process exploration and RF parameters of this structure, an aluminium prototype is developed. The cold test of Hybrid RFQ prototype is completed. This paper will present the results and analysis of the test.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO087
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 21 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MOPO088	Study on a 325 MHz HOM Drift Tube Linac	187
	L. Lu, T. He, W. Ma, C.C. Xing, L. Yang IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
	Normally, drift tube linacs (DTL) are used following RFQ linacs for beam acceleration in middle and high beam energy region. but acceleration efficiency of DTLs is decreasing with beam energy increasing. Using resonated higher order mode (HOM) of cavity, DTL can get higher effective shunt impedance. we proposed a 325MHz DTL with TE115 mode. In this paper, the dynamics calculation and electromagnetic design of the HOM-DTL will be reported.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO088
About •	paper received ※ 13 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 17 October 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MOPO089	Design Details of the European Spallation Source Drift Tube LINAC	190
	P. Mereu, M. Mezzano, C. Mingioni, M. Nenni INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy G. Cibinetto INFN-Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy F. Grespan, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	The Drift Tube Linac (DTL) of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is designed to operate at 352.2MHz with a duty cycle of 4% (3 ms pulse length, 14 Hz repetition period) and will accelerate a proton beam of 62.5mA pulse peak current from 3.62 to 90 MeV. This paper gives a detailed overview of the ESS-DTL current mechanical design, and the related driving criteria. It presents also an outlook of the main aspects of the assembly and installation, with related equipments, toolings and procedures.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO089
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MOPO090	Measurements of the First Room Temperature CH Cavity for MYRRHA at IAP Frankfurt	193
	K. Kümpel, S. Lamprecht, P. Müller, N.F. Petry, H. Podlech, S. Zimmermann IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Funding: This work has been supported by MYRTE which is funded by the European Commission under Project-ID 662186. The MYRRHA (Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications) Project is a planned accelerator driven system (ADS) for the transmutation of long-living radioactive waste. A critical passage for the beam quality and especially for the emittance is the injector, which for the MYRRHA project consists of a 4-Rod RFQ, two Quarter Wave Rebunchers (QWR) and a total of 16 normal conducting CH-DTL cavities. The first installment of the MYRRHA injector in Louvein-La-Neuve (Belgium) will include an ion source, a RFQ, the QWRs and the first seven CH DTL cavities. This paper will report on the status of the low level tests on CHs 1 and 2 as well as on further developments on CHs 8-15.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO090
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MOPO092	A 3-gap Booster Cavity to Match Ion Source Potential to RFQ Acceptance	196
MOOP01	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	R.E. Laxdal, Z.T. Ang, T. Au, S. Kiy, S.D. Rädel, O. Shelbaya, V. Zvyagintsev TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	The ISAC RFQ can accelerate ions with A/Q ration from 1 to 30 and requires an input energy of 2.04keV/u. The harsh environment of the ISAC on-line ISOL target facility makes it difficult to meet the energy for the heaviest masses. For these cases we have designed and installed a short three gap device that accelerates the beams produced at source potential to match the required energy for RFQ acceptance. The booster cavity operates at 11.7MHz, the RF frequency of the pre-buncher. The device can also be used as a second buncher to augment the acceptance in the RFQ or to improve the acceptance of higher space charge beams. The device will be described and the results of beam measurements will be given.
	Slides MOPO092 [7.627 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO092
About •	paper received ※ 14 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MOPO093	A Study of a Cooling Configuration for an OFHC Copper Rebuncher	200
	O. Mazor, M. Bukai, D. Nusbaum, J. Rodnizki Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel E. Dyunin Ariel University, Ariel, Israel G. Ziskind Ben-Gurion University in the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
	Funding: Pazy Fund (Israel Atomic Energy commission) https://pazy.org.il A four gap OFHC copper rebuncher is developed at SNRC as a research study and a risk reduction for the MEBT of SARAF Phase II proton/ deuteron linac. The rebuncher is designed to bunch a 5 mA CW beam at 176 MHz. The required cavity voltage according to beam dynamics evaluation is 150 kV with a beam aperture diameter of 40 mm at a beam energy of 1.3 MeV/u with a Q value of 8000. Considering utilizing this cavity for enhancing the beam energy, the cooling configuration is explored for a cavity voltage of 300 kV, consuming 20 kW dissipated power, at a peak electric field of 16 MV/m, equivalent to the Kilpatrick limit. The electro magnetic study conducted with the CST RF simulation package was reproduced at ANSYS HFSS. The simulated dissipated power along the rebuncher for 20 kW forward power injected through the coupler port with the HFSS driven model were assigned to the ANSYS Fluent model to explore the resulted temperature map. Several evolved cooling configurations were studied, including cooling of the drift tubes. In this configuration the temperature rise along the cavity is in the range of 30 K. A detailed design of the four gap rebuncher is following this study.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO093
About •	paper received ※ 03 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 22 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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MOPO094	RF Stability Test of RFQ Cavity with Prototype Low-level Radio Frequency in RAON	204
	D.Y. Lee, B.H. Choi, C.O. Choi, H. Jang, H.C. Jung, K.T. Son IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	RAON is a heavy ion accelerator of the Institute for Basic Sciences (IBS) in Korea. The prototype Low-Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) operated at 81.25 MHz has been designed and fabricated for a prototype Radio Fre-quency Quadrupole (RFQ) cavity in RAON. Stabilities of ±1 % in amplitude and ±1 degree in phase are required for specifications of the RFQ system. The prototype LLRF controls the RF amplitude and phase in the cavity by PID feedback loop. The prototype LLRF has been tested with one RFQ cavity and stabilities have been measured. In this paper, we present the design and results of stability test.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO094
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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TUPO004	RF Design and Cold Model Measurement of an IH-DTL for HIMM Injector	329
	H. Du, Q.Y. Kong, Z.S. Li, K.D. Wang, X. Yin IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
	An interdigital H-mode drift tube linac (IH-DTL) will be constructed as a postinjector linac for the Heavy Ion Medical Machine (HIMM). Its resonant frequency, injec-tion and final energies are determined from beam dynamics and hardware parameters considerations of the entire machine to be 162.5MHz, 600keV/u and 4MeV/u, respectively. The beam duty cycle of the injector linac is less than 0.1% based on the injection requirements of the synchrotron. Beam dynamics and RF structure design and optimize of the IH-DTL has been finished. The maximum surface electric field is less than 2.0-times the Kilpatric limit for accelerating C⁴⁺ beam. This IH-DTL contains 42 accelerating gaps and two focusing quadrupole triplets. In order to examine the field distribution of the IH-DTL which reaches the length of 3.17m, an aluminum alloy 1:1 cold model cavity with 4 moveable tuners and 2 empty focusing magnet shell was constructed. The relative intertube-distance errors are less than ±50μm. The measurements show that the gap voltage values can match the CST-MWS simulating results within relative difference of ±3% by adjusting the 4 moveable tuners.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TUPO004
About •	paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 21 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019
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Paper

Title

Page

The Simulation and Manufacture of the Room Temperature CH-DTL

177

J.H. Li, G. Han
China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
C.G. Li
CIAE, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Z. Li
SCU, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China

The room temperature Cross-bar H Type Drift Tube Linac (CH-DTL) is one of the candidate acceleration structures working in CW mode. In order to optimize the parameters, the 3 dimensional electromagnetic field of the CH-DTL cavity is simulated. The method of parameter sweeping with constraint variable is better than the method of parameter sweeping with only one variable during the optimization. In order to simplify the manufacture, the drift tube surface can be designed as spherical shape. The CH-DTL cavity has been manufactured and tested.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO084

About •

paper received ※ 31 August 2018 paper accepted ※ 21 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPO085

Prototype of an Inter-digital H-mode Drift-tube Linac for Muon Linac

180

Y. Nakazawa, H. Iinuma
Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Hasegawa, Y. Kondo, T. Morishita
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
N. Hayashizaki
RLNR, Tokyo, Japan
Y. Iwashita
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
Y. Iwata
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
N. Kawamura, T. Mibe, M. Otani, T. Yamazaki, M. Yoshida
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
R. Kitamura, H.Y. Yasuda
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
N. Saito
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
Y. Sue
Nagoya University, Graduate School of Science, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan

An inter-digital H-mode (IH) drift-tube linac (DTL) is developed for a low velocity part in a muon linac at the J-PARC E34 experiment. It will accelerate muons from v/c = 0.08 to 0.28 at an operational frequency of 324 MHz. In order to achieve higher acceleration efficiency and make cost lower, an alternative phase focusing (APF) scheme is adopted. A prototype with 6 cells of 0.45 m length was manufactured. The prototype accelerates muons from v/c = 0.08 to 0.15 stage. We conducted frequency measurement and bead-pull measurement as a low-power measurement, in order to evaluate the prototype product. In this paper, the results of the low-power measurement for prototype cavity will be presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO085

About •

paper received ※ 10 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPO087

Cold Test of Hybrid RFQ Prototype

184

SPWR012

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

P.Y. Yu, Y. He, C.X. Li, F.F. Wang, Z.J. Wang, B. Zhang
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China

Hybrid RFQ is proposed as a potential good choice at the low-energy range of linear accelerator, which is combined by four-vane RFQ structure and CH-DTL structure. It has higher energy gain rate compared to conventional RFQ, and it is more compact than traditional DTL. In order to research on process exploration and RF parameters of this structure, an aluminium prototype is developed. The cold test of Hybrid RFQ prototype is completed. This paper will present the results and analysis of the test.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO087

About •

paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 21 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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MOPO088

Study on a 325 MHz HOM Drift Tube Linac

187

L. Lu, T. He, W. Ma, C.C. Xing, L. Yang
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China

Normally, drift tube linacs (DTL) are used following RFQ linacs for beam acceleration in middle and high beam energy region. but acceleration efficiency of DTLs is decreasing with beam energy increasing. Using resonated higher order mode (HOM) of cavity, DTL can get higher effective shunt impedance. we proposed a 325MHz DTL with TE115 mode. In this paper, the dynamics calculation and electromagnetic design of the HOM-DTL will be reported.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO088

About •

paper received ※ 13 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 17 October 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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MOPO089

Design Details of the European Spallation Source Drift Tube LINAC

190

P. Mereu, M. Mezzano, C. Mingioni, M. Nenni
INFN-Torino, Torino, Italy
G. Cibinetto
INFN-Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
F. Grespan, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

The Drift Tube Linac (DTL) of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is designed to operate at 352.2MHz with a duty cycle of 4% (3 ms pulse length, 14 Hz repetition period) and will accelerate a proton beam of 62.5mA pulse peak current from 3.62 to 90 MeV. This paper gives a detailed overview of the ESS-DTL current mechanical design, and the related driving criteria. It presents also an outlook of the main aspects of the assembly and installation, with related equipments, toolings and procedures.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO089

About •

paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPO090

Measurements of the First Room Temperature CH Cavity for MYRRHA at IAP Frankfurt

193

K. Kümpel, S. Lamprecht, P. Müller, N.F. Petry, H. Podlech, S. Zimmermann
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Funding: This work has been supported by MYRTE which is funded by the European Commission under Project-ID 662186.
The MYRRHA (Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications) Project is a planned accelerator driven system (ADS) for the transmutation of long-living radioactive waste. A critical passage for the beam quality and especially for the emittance is the injector, which for the MYRRHA project consists of a 4-Rod RFQ, two Quarter Wave Rebunchers (QWR) and a total of 16 normal conducting CH-DTL cavities. The first installment of the MYRRHA injector in Louvein-La-Neuve (Belgium) will include an ion source, a RFQ, the QWRs and the first seven CH DTL cavities. This paper will report on the status of the low level tests on CHs 1 and 2 as well as on further developments on CHs 8-15.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO090

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paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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MOPO092

A 3-gap Booster Cavity to Match Ion Source Potential to RFQ Acceptance

196

MOOP01

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

R.E. Laxdal, Z.T. Ang, T. Au, S. Kiy, S.D. Rädel, O. Shelbaya, V. Zvyagintsev
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

The ISAC RFQ can accelerate ions with A/Q ration from 1 to 30 and requires an input energy of 2.04keV/u. The harsh environment of the ISAC on-line ISOL target facility makes it difficult to meet the energy for the heaviest masses. For these cases we have designed and installed a short three gap device that accelerates the beams produced at source potential to match the required energy for RFQ acceptance. The booster cavity operates at 11.7MHz, the RF frequency of the pre-buncher. The device can also be used as a second buncher to augment the acceptance in the RFQ or to improve the acceptance of higher space charge beams. The device will be described and the results of beam measurements will be given.

Slides MOPO092 [7.627 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO092

About •

paper received ※ 14 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 19 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPO093

A Study of a Cooling Configuration for an OFHC Copper Rebuncher

200

O. Mazor, M. Bukai, D. Nusbaum, J. Rodnizki
Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
E. Dyunin
Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
G. Ziskind
Ben-Gurion University in the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel

Funding: Pazy Fund (Israel Atomic Energy commission) https://pazy.org.il
A four gap OFHC copper rebuncher is developed at SNRC as a research study and a risk reduction for the MEBT of SARAF Phase II proton/ deuteron linac. The rebuncher is designed to bunch a 5 mA CW beam at 176 MHz. The required cavity voltage according to beam dynamics evaluation is 150 kV with a beam aperture diameter of 40 mm at a beam energy of 1.3 MeV/u with a Q value of 8000. Considering utilizing this cavity for enhancing the beam energy, the cooling configuration is explored for a cavity voltage of 300 kV, consuming 20 kW dissipated power, at a peak electric field of 16 MV/m, equivalent to the Kilpatrick limit. The electro magnetic study conducted with the CST RF simulation package was reproduced at ANSYS HFSS. The simulated dissipated power along the rebuncher for 20 kW forward power injected through the coupler port with the HFSS driven model were assigned to the ANSYS Fluent model to explore the resulted temperature map. Several evolved cooling configurations were studied, including cooling of the drift tubes. In this configuration the temperature rise along the cavity is in the range of 30 K. A detailed design of the four gap rebuncher is following this study.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO093

About •

paper received ※ 03 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 22 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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MOPO094

RF Stability Test of RFQ Cavity with Prototype Low-level Radio Frequency in RAON

204

D.Y. Lee, B.H. Choi, C.O. Choi, H. Jang, H.C. Jung, K.T. Son
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

RAON is a heavy ion accelerator of the Institute for Basic Sciences (IBS) in Korea. The prototype Low-Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) operated at 81.25 MHz has been designed and fabricated for a prototype Radio Fre-quency Quadrupole (RFQ) cavity in RAON. Stabilities of ±1 % in amplitude and ±1 degree in phase are required for specifications of the RFQ system. The prototype LLRF controls the RF amplitude and phase in the cavity by PID feedback loop. The prototype LLRF has been tested with one RFQ cavity and stabilities have been measured. In this paper, we present the design and results of stability test.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-MOPO094

About •

paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 20 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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TUPO004

RF Design and Cold Model Measurement of an IH-DTL for HIMM Injector

329

H. Du, Q.Y. Kong, Z.S. Li, K.D. Wang, X. Yin
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China

An interdigital H-mode drift tube linac (IH-DTL) will be constructed as a postinjector linac for the Heavy Ion Medical Machine (HIMM). Its resonant frequency, injec-tion and final energies are determined from beam dynamics and hardware parameters considerations of the entire machine to be 162.5MHz, 600keV/u and 4MeV/u, respectively. The beam duty cycle of the injector linac is less than 0.1% based on the injection requirements of the synchrotron. Beam dynamics and RF structure design and optimize of the IH-DTL has been finished. The maximum surface electric field is less than 2.0-times the Kilpatric limit for accelerating C⁴⁺ beam. This IH-DTL contains 42 accelerating gaps and two focusing quadrupole triplets. In order to examine the field distribution of the IH-DTL which reaches the length of 3.17m, an aluminum alloy 1:1 cold model cavity with 4 moveable tuners and 2 empty focusing magnet shell was constructed. The relative intertube-distance errors are less than ±50μm. The measurements show that the gap voltage values can match the CST-MWS simulating results within relative difference of ±3% by adjusting the 4 moveable tuners.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2018-TUPO004

About •

paper received ※ 12 September 2018 paper accepted ※ 21 September 2018 issue date ※ 18 January 2019

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)