ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
Two experiments were carried out to study the statistical properties of undulator radiation in the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring at Fermilab. The first experiment studied the turn-to-turn fluctuations in the power of the radiation generated by an electron bunch. The magnitude of these fluctuations depends on the 6D phase-space distribution of the electron bunch. In IOTA, we demonstrated that this effect can be used to measure some electron bunch parameters, small transverse emittances in particular. In the second experiment, a single electron was stored in the ring, emitting a photon only once per several hundred turns. In this regime, any classical interference-related collective effects were eliminated, and the quantum fluctuations could be studied in detail to search for possible deviations from the expected Poissonian photon statistics. In addition, the photocount arrival times were used to track the longitudinal motion of a single electron and to compare it with simulations. This allowed us to determine several dynamical parameters of the storage ring such as the rf cavity phase jitter and the dependence of the synchrotron motion period on amplitude.
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
Noise in beam measurements is an ever-present challenge in accelerator operations. In addition to the challenges presented by hardware and signal processing, new operational regimes, such as ultra-short bunches, create additional difficulties in routine beam measurements. Techniques in machine learning have been successfully applied in other domains to overcome challenges inherent in noisy data. Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are shown to be capable of removing significant leevels of noise. A VAE can be used as a pre-processing tool for noise removal before the de-noised data is analyzed via other methods, or the VAE can be directly used to make beam dynamics measurements. Here we present the use of VAEs as a tool for addressing noise in BPM measurements.
TH2I1
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
This talk focuses on the upcoming first ever direct 6-dimensional tracking of a single electron in a storage ring with the goal to enable a new class of beam diagnostic technologies. This will allow high precision characterization of a single-particle dynamics. This works builds off previous experimental 3-dimensional tracking of the dynamics of a single electron in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA)*. At IOTA, we will detect single photons randomly emitted by an electron over many turns to precisely reconstruct its trajectory. State of the art technologies of photon detection have temporal and spatial resolution sufficient for the high-precision tracking if coupled with advanced analysis algorithms. Complete tracking of a point-like object will enable the first measurements of single-particle dynamical properties, including dynamical invariants, amplitude-dependent oscillation frequencies, and chaotic behavior. These single-particle measurements will be employed for long-term tracking simulations, training of AI/ML algorithms, and ultimately for precise predictions of dynamics in present and future accelerators.
* A. Romanov et al., ’Experimental 3-dimensional tracking of the dynamics of a single electron in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator,’ J. Instrum., vol. 16, P12009, Dec 2021