ECRIS2016 - Classification: Status reports and new development

Paper	Title	Page
MOBO01	FECRAL - a 45 GHz Fourth Generation ECR Ion Source and Its Technical Challenge
	H.W. Zhao, L.T. Sun IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	A 45 GHz superconducting ECR ion source FECRAL (a Fourth generation ECR ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou) is going to be built in the next few years as a key technology R&D of HIAF facility. HIAF injector of a superconducting heavy ion linac requests the ion source of delivering 50 pμA of 238U³⁵⁺ pulsed beam and 25 pμA of 238U³⁵⁺ CW beam. This presentation will present preliminary technical-design of FECRAL ECR ion source including magnetic field configuration produced by a Nb3Sn superconducting magnet with 6.5 Tesla axial mirror field and 3.5 Tesla sextupole field on the plasma chamber inner wall, 20 kW@45 GHz microwave coupling system and beam transport line. Obviously, to build a 45 GHz FECRAL ECR ion source, there will be many technical challenges, such as engineering and fabrication of the Nb3Sn superconducting magnet with 12 Tesla maximum magnetic field on the conductor, cryogenic system of the magnet, efficient coupling of 45 GHz microwave power, intense beam extraction and transmission to achieve good beam quality, integration of the FECRAL ion source system and analyzing beam line at a high voltage platform.
	Slides MOBO01 [7.596 MB]
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MOBO02	Possible Optimizations of Existing Magnet Structures for the Next Generation of ECRIS	5
	D. Xie, G.L. Sabbi, D.S. Todd LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA W. Lu IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Constructing a minimum-B structure with higher magnetic fields is the prerequisite for the next generation of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS): ion sources that will operate at substantially higher heating frequencies than those currently in use. There are three leading candidates of Nb3Sn coil structures for use in future ECRISs: a Mixed Axial and Radial field System (MARS) that merges the sextupole racetrack coils and partial end-solenoids into an exotic closed-loop-coil; a classical Sextupole-In-Solenoids design; and a Solenoids-In-Sextupole configuration. Focusing on efficient magnetic field generation, this article briefly reviews the advantages and disadvantages of each of these magnet structures. Though Sextupole-In-Solenoids and Solenoids-In-Sextupole magnetic structures using NbTi conductor have been validated by current ECRISs, improvements of these magnet structures remain possible. Possible optimizations to the two existing magnet structures, such as using a non-conventional sextupole magnet consisting of either V-bend or skew racetrack coils, are discussed. The development status of a MARS NbTi magnet at LBNL for a new ECRIS will be also presented.
	Slides MOBO02 [3.864 MB]
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MOBO03	Current Status of a SC-ECRIS of the RAON Accelerator.
	Y.H. Kim, T. Hashimoto, J. Heo, H. Ishiyama IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the Rare Isotope Science Project funded by Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Republic of Korea Raon is the heavy ion accelerator being built in Korea. It contains 3rd generation SC-ECRIS which uses 28GHz/18GHz microwave power to extract a heavy ion beam. We prepared and installed beam focusing devices and beam diagnostic devices to characterize the ion source. Now the ion source is in beam commissioning status after maintenance activities. After beam commissioning with oxygen beam, a metal ion beam will be extracted at the end of this year using sputtering method.
	Slides MOBO03 [9.656 MB]
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MOBO04	Recent Developments of RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECRIS	10
	Y. Higurashi, H. Haba, M. Kidera, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	In the past two years, we tried to improve the performance of the RIKEN 28GHz SC-ECRIS for production of intense U ion beam. Usually, we used the sputtering method to produce U ion beam. Last year, we produced ~200e μA of U³⁵⁺ at the injected RF power of ~2.6kW, when slightly adding the U vapor with high temperature oven. For RIKEN RIBF experiment, we produced ~110 e μA of U³⁵⁺ beam with sputtering method longer than one month without break. In this case, we surly need very stable beam to increase the transmission efficiency in the accelerators and avoid the any damage of the components of the accelerator due to the high power beam. In this contribution, we will report the beam intensity of highly charged U ions as a function of various parameters (magnetic field strength, RF power, sputtering voltage etc.) and the effect of these parameters on the beam stability in detail. We also present the experience of the long term operation of the ion source for the RIKEN RIBF experiments.
	Slides MOBO04 [3.427 MB]
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TUAO01	The Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS): Installation and Commissioning at INFN-LNS	39
	L. Celona, L. Allegra, A. Amato, G. Calabrese, A.C. Caruso, G. Castro, F. Chines, G. Gallo, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, A. Longhitano, G. Manno, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, A. Massara, A. Maugeri, M. Mazzaglia, L. Neri, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, A. Spartà, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy S. Di Martino, P. Nicotra Si.A.Tel SRL, Catania, Italy
	A 2.45 GHz ' 0.1 T microwave discharge Proton Source has been designed and assembled at INFN-LNS for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) in order to produce pulsed beams of protons up to 74 mA nominal current, at 75 keV of energy, with a transverse emittance containing 99 % of the nominal proton current below 2.25 π mm mrad and a beam stability of ± 2 %. The challenging performances of the machine have triggered specific studies on the maximization of the proton fraction inside the plasma and of the overall plasma density, including dedicated modelling of the wave-to-plasma interaction and ionization processes. The plasma conditioning phase started in July and excellent RF to plasma coupling, more than 99.5% is evident since the beginning. Reflected power fluctuation less than 0.05 % was measured providing a great starting point to reach the beam stability requested by the ESS accelerator.
	Slides TUAO01 [14.571 MB]
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TUAO02	The Development of ECR Ion Source for Medical Applications
	B.S. Lee, J. Bahng, S. Choi, J.G. Hong, H.G. Kim, S.J. Kim, J.W. Ok, J.Y. Park, M. Won, J.H. Yoon Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea J. Bahng Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
	Since 2009, the ECR ion source for material researcher was developed at Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI). From our efforts during 7 years, The service of 28 GHz ECR ion source of KBSI was succeeded in this year. Our new project is started based on developed skills for 28GHz ECR ion source. In this year, we are started proton ECR ion source with high current for medical application that is Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), Proton Therapy. The first step is development of proton ECR ion source with beam current of 23mA. In this paper, we will suggest design results and manufacturing status of proton ECR ion source for BNCT. Also, we will introduce the future plan about development of compact proton therapy and will report plans for feasibility study.
	Slides TUAO02 [6.045 MB]
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TUAO03	Injector Characteristics of 100-MeV Proton Linac at KOMAC
	H.S. Kim KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea Y.-S. Cho, D.I. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, S.P. Yun Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government. A 100-MeV proton linac at Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) is under operation and has provided high-intensity proton beam to users since 2013. The injector part of the linac consists of a microwave ion source with 50 keV extraction energy, two solenoids for beam matching to the 3-MeV RFQ and a vacuum box including beam diagnostics and vacuum pump. The design current of the injector is 20 mA with 0.2 pi.mmmrad transverse normalized rms emittance. The injector was characterized through emittance measurement and solenoids operating parameter sweep. The details of the injector characteristics will be presented in this paper.
	Slides TUAO03 [20.812 MB]
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TUAO04	SECRAL II Ion Source Development and the First Commissioning at 28 GHz	43
	L.T. Sun, X. Fang, Y.C. Feng, J.W. Guo, H.Y. Ma, L.Z. Ma, Y.M. Ma, Z. Shen, W. Wu, T. Yang, Y. Yang, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, B. Zhao, H.W. Zhao IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	SECRAL II ion source has been successfully designed and developed at IMP. This ion source is a 3rd generation ECR machine optimized for the operation at 28 GHz. As a second superconducting ECR ion source developed at IMP with the identical coldmass design as SECRAL ion source, which has the sextupole coils external to the axial solenoids, the magnet performance is more robust according the training test. After a short time beam test at 18 GHz, SECRAL II has been commissioned at 28 GHz, and some preliminary results have been achieved with high charge state ion beam production. This paper will present the magnet design and test results. The first beam at 28 GHz will also be given.
	Slides TUAO04 [8.218 MB]
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TUAO05	First Plasma of the PHOENIX V3 ECR Ion Source	48
	T. Thuillier, J. Angot, L. Bonny, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, P. Sole LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France J.L. Flambard, L. Maunoury GANIL, Caen, France T. Kalvas JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland C. Peaucelle IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France
	Funding: This project was partially funded by the EU Grant Agreement 283745. PHOENIX V3 is an upgrade of the PHOENIX V2 ECR ion source granted by the European CRISP project. This new ECRIS features a larger plasma chamber and a re-duced vacuum pressure under operation. The V3 source will replace the V2 one on the SPIRAL2 accelerator in 2018. The first plasma of PHOENIX V3 was achieved on May 9th 2016. The early commissioning of the V3 source at low 18 GHz power demonstrates as expected an en-hancement of the high charge state production and Ar¹⁴⁺ intensity already exceeds the V2 one. Further enhance-ments are expected the outgassing will be achieved and the full RF power will be injected in the source.
	Slides TUAO05 [7.050 MB]
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WEAO01	Recent Developments with the GTS-LHC ECR Ion Source at CERN	50
	V. Toivanen, G. Bellodi, C. Fichera, D. Küchler, A.M. Lombardi, M. Maintrot, A.I. Michet, M. O'Neil, S. Sadovich, F.J.C. Wenander CERN, Geneva, Switzerland O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
	Linac3 is the first link in the chain of accelerators providing highly charged heavy ion beams for the CERN experimental program. The beams, predominantly lead, are produced with the GTS-LHC 14.5 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source, operated in afterglow mode. In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade program (LIU), several activities have been carried out to improve the GTS-LHC and Linac3 performance, in terms of delivered beam current. The extraction region of the GTS-LHC has been upgraded with redesigned apertures and the addition of an einzel lens, yielding improved Linac3 output. Also, a series of measurements has been performed to study the effects of two-frequency heating on the performance of the GTS-LHC. A Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier (TWTA) with variable frequency and pulse pattern was utilized as a secondary microwave source. The two-frequency effect commonly reported with CW operation of ECR ion sources boosting high charge state ion production was also observed in afterglow mode. Lastly, for studies of metal ion beam production, a dedicated test stand has been assembled to characterize the GTS-LHC resistively heated miniature oven performance.
	Slides WEAO01 [9.832 MB]
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WEAO02	Preliminary Design of a Hybrid Ion Source for 7Li+3 Generation
	S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, H.T. Ren, J.M. Wen, W.B. Wu, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, J.F. Zhang, T. Zhang PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China J.E. Chen Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China A.L. Zhang University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	To provide a novel directional fast-neutron via the p(7Li ,n) reaction for prompt fission γ -ray (PFG) spectra study, a hybrid 7Li³⁺ ion source was designed at Peking University(PKU). It is a combination of a 6.5 GHz ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) ion source and a hot surface ionization source. The surface ionization source locates inside the ECR chamber and a 500 V bias voltage is set between the hot surface and the ECR chamber. Lithium vapor from an oven is guided into the surface source through a heating transfer pipe. Li⁺ ions generated on the hot surface will be extracted from the surface source and striped into Li³⁺ with the electron impact ionization. To avoid the lithium vapor attaching on the wall of the discharge chamber, the whole plasma chamber will be heated up to 300 °C. A four-electrode extraction system will be used for Li³⁺ ion beam formation. Details will be presented in the paper.
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WEAO03	Practical Comparison of Two-Frequency Heating Phenomena in Different ECR Ion Sources	55
	A. Kitagawa NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan S. Biri, R. Rácz ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary Y. Kato Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan M. Muramatsu National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan W. Takasugi AEC, Chiba, Japan
	In order to improve highly-charged ion production from the 18GHz NIRS-HEC ECRIS, our group has studied the mixture of two microwaves of which the frequencies were close together each. Our conclusion was that when an additional microwave is added to the primary microwave, the plasma stability is improved. The output current of the highly charged ion beam was proportional to the total power of both microwaves. The dependence on the additional frequency showed the fine structure. Since this structure depended on the magnetic field, vacuum pressure, and so on, the precise frequency adjustment for maximum output was required under each condition. Our interest is whether the above-mentioned phenomenon can be demonstrated using a different ion source where the two frequencies are even far from each other. We installed a 17.75-18.25 GHz microwave system in addition to the 14.3 GHz klystron amplifier of the ATOMKI ECRIS. Argon output currents at various values of the microwave power and frequency were studied. The dependence on the total power shows the similar tendency as at NIRS. The dependence on the additional frequency also shows the fine structure. Detailed data will be presented.
	Slides WEAO03 [4.648 MB]
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WEAO04	Installation and Commissioning of the 18 GHz High Temperature Superconducting Ecr Ion Source and Low Energy Beam Transport System on a 200 kV High Voltage Platform
	G.O. Rodrigues, R. Ahuja, P. Barua, D. Kanjilal, A. Kothari, A. Malyadri, A. Mandal, Y.M. Mathur, U.K. Rao, A. Sharma IUAC, New Delhi, India
	The High Current Injector programme at the Inter University Accelerator Centre is presently in various stages of installation and commissioning. The main objective of the high current injector is to provide higher beam intensities (A/q ~ 6) over a wider mass range as compared to the presently operating 15UD, 16MV Tandem-LINAC combination. The injector is based on a reasonably high performing ECR ion source called PKDELIS. The 18 GHz high temperature superconducting ECR ion source, PKDELIS and the low energy beam transport system has been recently installed and commissioned on a 200 kV high voltage platform. The details of the installation and commissioning results will be presented.
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WEAO05	SMASHI and MeLA ECR Ion Source at NFRI: One for Highly-Charged Ions and the Other for High Current Metal Ions
	H.J. You, W.I. Choo, S.O. Jang NFRI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	There are two type of ECR ion sources at NFRI. One is SMASHI(Superconducting Multi-Application Source of Highly-charged Ions), and the other MeLA(Magnet-embedded Lisitano Antenna) ion source. They are developed for highly-charged ions(HCI) and high current metal ions(HCMI) generation, respectively. Firstly, SMASHI is a 18 GHz superconducting ECR ion source, which will be dedicated for future application of HCIs and matter interaction. SMASHI is featuring a liquid helium-free SC magnet having fast-excitation capability(>0.1 A/s) of coils, two frequency heating(18, 18+Δ GHz), remotely-positional variable gap extraction system, and two diagnostic ports for the extraction region. Secondly, MeLA ion source is a scalable high current(>10 mA) metal ion source. the MeLA, originally developed for a large-area microwave ECR plasma source for semiconductor processing by our group, is able to generate high density uniform ECR plasma by a waveguide directly-coupled and permanent Magnet-embedded Lisitano Antenna. In this presentation we describe design aspects of the sources in detail, and then their performance results are provided. H. J. You, S. O. Jang, Y. H. Jung, and B. J. Lee, "Microwave Antenna for Generating Plasma", U.S. Patent 8 648 534, February, 2014.
	Slides WEAO05 [47.317 MB]
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WEPP01	High Intensity Beam Production at CEA/Saclay For The IPHI Project	83
	R. Gobin, D. Bogard, O. Delferrière, M. Desmons, Y. Gauthier, F. Harrault, F. Peauger, G. Perreu, B. Pottin, Y. Sauce, J. Schwindling, F. Senée, O. Tuske, D. Uriot, T.V. Vacher CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	CEA/Saclay is involved in high power proton accelerators for long years. This activity started in the 90's, with the development of the SILHI source which routinely produces tens mA of proton beam. Several industrial difficulties led to a very long IPHI RFQ construction process. The 352 MHz RFQ conditioning is presently in progress. Before the completion of the conditioning in CW mode, tests with pulsed proton beam have been decided. As a consequence, the SILHI source recently produced very short H⁺ beam pulses in order to allow the first IPHI beam acceleration. Such very short pulses, in the range of few hundred microseconds, allowed analyzing the beam loading of the RFQ cavity as well as conditioning the middle energy diagnostic. This article will focus on the source parameters and beam characteristics in the low energy beam line leading to the best RFQ transmission.
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WEPP02	Commissioning of the High Intensity Proton Injector of the Facility for Anti Proton and Ion Research at CEA-Saclay	86
	O. Tuske, N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière, Y. Gauthier, P. Girardot, N. Misiara, Y. Sauce, F. Senée, C. Simon CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France F. Ameil, R. Berezov, J. Fils, R. Hollinger GSI, Darmstadt, Germany T.V. Vacher CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) located at GSI (Darmstadt) in Germany addresses several fields of physics research within a single installation. One of the contribution of Irfu/SACM at CEA-Saclay to the FAIR linear proton accelerator concerns the development and construction of the ion source and the low energy line. The 2.45 GHz microwave ion source will deliver a 100 mA H⁺ beam pulsed at 4 Hz with an energy of 95 keV. A low energy beam transport (LEBT) line based on a dual solenoids focusing scheme allows the injection of the proton beam into the radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) within an acceptance of 0.3π mm.mrad (norm., rms). An electrostatic chopper system located between the second solenoid and the RFQ is used to cut the beam macro pulse from the source to inject 36 μs long beam pulses into the RFQ. This article reports the finalization of the installation of the injector with the detail of dedicated diagnostics, the first beam measurements and gives a planning of the different commissioning phases
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WEPP03	Never Run Your ECR Ion Source with Argon in Afterglow for 6 Months!	89
	D. Küchler, A.I. Michet, J.A.F. Somoza, V. Toivanen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The fixed target experiment NA61 in the North Area of the SPS at CERN studies phase transitions in strongly interacting matter using the primary beams available from the CERN accelerator complex (protons and lead ions). In order to explore a wider range of energies and densities a primary argon beam was requested for the physics run in 2015. The GTS-LHC ECR ion source was running for many months during 2013 and 2014 to study the source behaviour and to setup the accelerator chain with argon ions. This paper reports the long term effects of the argon operation on the GTS-LHC ion source and the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT). Heavy sputtering inside the source caused a degradation of the plasma chamber and metal coating of insulators inside the beam extraction system. Iron ions could be found in the extracted beam. Also the pumping performance of ion getter pumps in the LEBT degraded significantly. Additional preventive maintenance was necessary to be able to run for long periods without risking serious damage to the ion source.
	Poster WEPP03 [28.231 MB]
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WEPP05	Status Report on Metallic Beam Production at GANIL/SPIRAL 2	92
	C. Barue, O. Bajeat, J.L. Flambard, R. Frigot, P. Jardin, N. Lechartier, F. Lemagnen, L. Maunoury, V. Metayer, O. Osmond GANIL, Caen, France C. Peaucelle IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France P. Sole, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
	Primary ion beams from metallic elements are routinely produced at GANIL using ECR4 and ECR4M 'room temperature' ECR ion sources. Ionization efficiency measurements, partially presented in the past, are summarized in this report together with updated and new results obtained with Cd, Mo and Ta. Preliminary results for Ni and Ca obtained with the room temperature Phoenix-V2 ECR ion source, under commissioning for SPIRAL 2, are also included. These ionization efficiencies are compared according to the production methods: oven, sputtering, MIVOC, gaseous compounds. The presently SPIRAL 2 heavy ion injector designed for ions Q/A=1/3 shows clear limitations in terms of intensity for metallic ions with mass higher than 60 (intensity < 1 pμA). In order to choose the best ion source for a future Q/A=1/6, 1/7 injector, best world results have been compiled for different existing 'room temperature' and superconducting ECR ion sources. # christophe.barue@ganil.fr
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WEPP08	Development of Compact H⁺ ECR Ion Source with Pulse Gas Valve	98
	Y. Fuwa, Y. Iwashita, H. Tongu Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan M. Ichikawa QST, Tokai, Japan N. Miyawaki QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan
	Compact H⁺ ECR Ion Source using permanent magnets is under development. A pulsed gas injection system achieved by a piezo gas valve can reduce the gas load to a vacuum evacuation system. This feature is suitable when the ion source is closely located to an RFQ. Results of a performance test will be presented.
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WEPP09	Development of a New Compact 5.8 GHz ECR Ion Source	101
	J. Angot, L. Bonny, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, P. Sole, T. Thuillier, F. Villa LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France P. Sortais Polygon Physics, Grenoble, France
	LPSC is developing a new 5.8 GHz compact ion source to produce low charge state ion beams and study their capture in the PHOENIX charge breeder. The source was designed to meet criteria like stability, compactness and low cost. It is mounted on a DN200 iso K flange and is fully under vaccum during operation. The technology brings modularity to ease the development. It can operate up to 60 kV. The plasma is heated by a 100W solid state amplifier. The ECRIS produces 1 mA of H⁺ beam with 20W of HF and low charge state Argon ions. It was tested under several microwave and magnetic configurations on a test bench equipped with a mass spectrometer and diagnostics. Given its excellent performances, this source is being installed to drive the accelerator based neutron source, GENEPI 2, at LPSC. The developments of the source together with the results of the experiments will be presented. Future plans for this ion source will also be discussed. This work was supported by the ERA-NET NuPNET in the frame of the EMILIE project.
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WEPP14	A New ECRIS Installation at the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System	106
	R.H. Scott, C. Dickerson, R.C. Pardo, R.C. Vondrasek ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, an Office of Science User Facility An existing all permanent magnet ECRIS, the BIE100 [1], will be installed at ATLAS to recover operational flexibility by providing ATLAS with a second ECR ion source for stable beams. For years ATLAS has operated with two ECR ion sources, ECR2 and the ECR charge breeder as well as a tandem electrostatic injector. The tandem was retired in 2013 and in mid-2015 the ECR charge breeder was decommissioned to make room for a new Electron Beam Ion Source exclusively for charge breeding radioactive ion beams. This left the facility with a single ECR source for virtually all stable ion beam pro-duction. Design, installation plans and anticipated opera-tional parameters are discussed. *Dan Z. Xie, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 531 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1429320
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WEPP15	Design, Construction and Commissioning of the New Superconducting Ion Source AISHa	109
	L. Celona, G. Castro, F. Chines, G. Ciavola, G. Costa, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, F. Noto, G. Pastore, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	At INFN-LNS a new superconducting ECRIS named AISHa has been designed with the aim to provide highly charged ion beams with low ripple, high stability and high reproducibility, also fulfilling the needs of hospital installations (e.g. L-He free, easy to use, etc.). It is a hybrid ion source based on a permanent magnet hexapole providing 1.3 T on plasma chamber walls, and four superconducting coils for the axial trapping. The axial magnetic system is very flexible in order to minimize the hot electron component and to optimize the ECR heating by controlling the field gradients and the resonance length. The design of the hexapole aimed to minimize the demagnetization due to SC coils. The magnetic system measurement confirmed the effectiveness of the adopted solutions. Innovative solutions have been also implemented as it concerns the RF system design. It will permit to operate in single/double frequency mode, supported by variable frequency high power klystron generators, thus exploiting at the same time the FTE Frequency Tuning Effect and the Two Frequency Heating. The source has been assembled at the INFN-LNS site and the commissioning phase already started.
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WEPP18	Innovative Mechanical Solutions for the Design of the High Intensity Proton Injector for the European Spallation Source	112
	G. Gallo, L. Allegra, L. Celona, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The design of the 2.45 GHz, 0.1 T microwave discharge Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) has required on-purpose solutions in order to maximize the beam brightness, keeping a very high reliability figure. The mitigation of maintenance issues has been the main guideline through the design phase to maximize the MTBF and minimize the MTTR. The mechanical design has been based on advanced solutions in order to reduce as much as possible the venting time for the plasma chamber, to facilitate the replacement of extraction electrodes and/or plasma chamber, and to simplify any after-maintenance alignment procedure. The paper will describe the strategy which has driven the design phase, the solutions adopted to fulfil the project goals and the results of the assembly phase recently concluded at INFN-LNS with successful first plasma.
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THAO01	Recent production of intense high charge ion beams with VENUS	142
	D. Xie, J.Y. Benitez, C.M. Lyneis, D.S. Todd LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA W. Lu IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Several modifications have been made to the VENUS to enhance its performance at high microwave power and bring its performance closer to the levels predicted by scaling laws for 28 GHz operation. Two of these modifications improved its tolerance for operation at microwave power up to 10 kW. The cooling scheme on the plasma wall was improved to eliminate damage caused by localized electron heating. Similarly the extraction electrode was redesigned to transport away the electron heating more effectively. The third modification reduced the waveguide diameter, which launches the 28 GHz power into the plasma chamber. The source now runs efficiently at 10 kW of injected power with a more favorable magnetic field configuration. The production of intense highly charged ion beams with VENUS has been substantially enhanced. It has produced a number of record CW beams: 4.5 emA of O⁶⁺, 0.40 emA of Ar¹⁶⁺ and 0.06 emA of Ar¹⁷⁺ and for the first time the VENUS has produced more than 1 emA of Ar¹²⁺ and O⁷⁺. Source tuning is currently underway to explore the potential of VENUS and the overall improved source performance will be presented.
	Slides THAO01 [4.261 MB]
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THAO02	Development Status of 28 GHz Superconducting ECR Ion Source for the KBSI Accelerator
	S. Choi, J. Bahng, J.G. Hong, S.J. Kim, B.S. Lee, J.W. Ok, J.Y. Park, M. Won, J.H. Yoon Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by the KBSI under Grant No. C36220. A 28 GHz superconducting ECR ion source has been developed as an injector apparatus for heavy ion accelerator of KBSI. The final goal of accelerated ion beam was aimed to generate fast neutrons with the proton target by p(Li, n)Be reaction under inverse kinematics scheme. In 2014, most of parts for ECR ion source was developed and assembled. We have made the first ECR plasma generation and ion beam extraction, which was reported in 2014. For optimizing the operational issues of ECR ion source, we carried out various experiments with respect to several species of ion beam. Recently, we have encountered to maintain the cryogenics for superconudcting magnet due to the operating time of cryocooler and compressor. We modified three parts during maintanance: (1) installation of iron pole in the hexapole magnet to enhance the radial magnetic field, (2)new recondensation device to increase the efficiency of the liquid helium liquification, (3)bias disk modification for better beam extraction. We will present the current status and further modificaion effect on the 28 GHz superconducting ECR ion source of KBSI.
	Slides THAO02 [80.794 MB]
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Paper

Title

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MOBO01

FECRAL - a 45 GHz Fourth Generation ECR Ion Source and Its Technical Challenge

H.W. Zhao, L.T. Sun
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

A 45 GHz superconducting ECR ion source FECRAL (a Fourth generation ECR ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou) is going to be built in the next few years as a key technology R&D of HIAF facility. HIAF injector of a superconducting heavy ion linac requests the ion source of delivering 50 pμA of 238U³⁵⁺ pulsed beam and 25 pμA of 238U³⁵⁺ CW beam. This presentation will present preliminary technical-design of FECRAL ECR ion source including magnetic field configuration produced by a Nb3Sn superconducting magnet with 6.5 Tesla axial mirror field and 3.5 Tesla sextupole field on the plasma chamber inner wall, 20 kW@45 GHz microwave coupling system and beam transport line. Obviously, to build a 45 GHz FECRAL ECR ion source, there will be many technical challenges, such as engineering and fabrication of the Nb3Sn superconducting magnet with 12 Tesla maximum magnetic field on the conductor, cryogenic system of the magnet, efficient coupling of 45 GHz microwave power, intense beam extraction and transmission to achieve good beam quality, integration of the FECRAL ion source system and analyzing beam line at a high voltage platform.

Slides MOBO01 [7.596 MB]

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MOBO02

Possible Optimizations of Existing Magnet Structures for the Next Generation of ECRIS

5

D. Xie, G.L. Sabbi, D.S. Todd
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
W. Lu
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Constructing a minimum-B structure with higher magnetic fields is the prerequisite for the next generation of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS): ion sources that will operate at substantially higher heating frequencies than those currently in use. There are three leading candidates of Nb3Sn coil structures for use in future ECRISs: a Mixed Axial and Radial field System (MARS) that merges the sextupole racetrack coils and partial end-solenoids into an exotic closed-loop-coil; a classical Sextupole-In-Solenoids design; and a Solenoids-In-Sextupole configuration. Focusing on efficient magnetic field generation, this article briefly reviews the advantages and disadvantages of each of these magnet structures. Though Sextupole-In-Solenoids and Solenoids-In-Sextupole magnetic structures using NbTi conductor have been validated by current ECRISs, improvements of these magnet structures remain possible. Possible optimizations to the two existing magnet structures, such as using a non-conventional sextupole magnet consisting of either V-bend or skew racetrack coils, are discussed. The development status of a MARS NbTi magnet at LBNL for a new ECRIS will be also presented.

Slides MOBO02 [3.864 MB]

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MOBO03

Current Status of a SC-ECRIS of the RAON Accelerator.

Y.H. Kim, T. Hashimoto, J. Heo, H. Ishiyama
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the Rare Isotope Science Project funded by Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Republic of Korea
Raon is the heavy ion accelerator being built in Korea. It contains 3rd generation SC-ECRIS which uses 28GHz/18GHz microwave power to extract a heavy ion beam. We prepared and installed beam focusing devices and beam diagnostic devices to characterize the ion source. Now the ion source is in beam commissioning status after maintenance activities. After beam commissioning with oxygen beam, a metal ion beam will be extracted at the end of this year using sputtering method.

Slides MOBO03 [9.656 MB]

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MOBO04

Recent Developments of RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECRIS

10

Y. Higurashi, H. Haba, M. Kidera, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

In the past two years, we tried to improve the performance of the RIKEN 28GHz SC-ECRIS for production of intense U ion beam. Usually, we used the sputtering method to produce U ion beam. Last year, we produced ~200e μA of U³⁵⁺ at the injected RF power of ~2.6kW, when slightly adding the U vapor with high temperature oven. For RIKEN RIBF experiment, we produced ~110 e μA of U³⁵⁺ beam with sputtering method longer than one month without break. In this case, we surly need very stable beam to increase the transmission efficiency in the accelerators and avoid the any damage of the components of the accelerator due to the high power beam. In this contribution, we will report the beam intensity of highly charged U ions as a function of various parameters (magnetic field strength, RF power, sputtering voltage etc.) and the effect of these parameters on the beam stability in detail. We also present the experience of the long term operation of the ion source for the RIKEN RIBF experiments.

Slides MOBO04 [3.427 MB]

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TUAO01

The Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS): Installation and Commissioning at INFN-LNS

39

L. Celona, L. Allegra, A. Amato, G. Calabrese, A.C. Caruso, G. Castro, F. Chines, G. Gallo, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, A. Longhitano, G. Manno, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, A. Massara, A. Maugeri, M. Mazzaglia, L. Neri, S. Passarello, G. Pastore, A. Seminara, A. Spartà, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
S. Di Martino, P. Nicotra
Si.A.Tel SRL, Catania, Italy

A 2.45 GHz ' 0.1 T microwave discharge Proton Source has been designed and assembled at INFN-LNS for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) in order to produce pulsed beams of protons up to 74 mA nominal current, at 75 keV of energy, with a transverse emittance containing 99 % of the nominal proton current below 2.25 π mm mrad and a beam stability of ± 2 %. The challenging performances of the machine have triggered specific studies on the maximization of the proton fraction inside the plasma and of the overall plasma density, including dedicated modelling of the wave-to-plasma interaction and ionization processes. The plasma conditioning phase started in July and excellent RF to plasma coupling, more than 99.5% is evident since the beginning. Reflected power fluctuation less than 0.05 % was measured providing a great starting point to reach the beam stability requested by the ESS accelerator.

Slides TUAO01 [14.571 MB]

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TUAO02

The Development of ECR Ion Source for Medical Applications

B.S. Lee, J. Bahng, S. Choi, J.G. Hong, H.G. Kim, S.J. Kim, J.W. Ok, J.Y. Park, M. Won, J.H. Yoon
Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
J. Bahng
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

Since 2009, the ECR ion source for material researcher was developed at Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI). From our efforts during 7 years, The service of 28 GHz ECR ion source of KBSI was succeeded in this year. Our new project is started based on developed skills for 28GHz ECR ion source. In this year, we are started proton ECR ion source with high current for medical application that is Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), Proton Therapy. The first step is development of proton ECR ion source with beam current of 23mA. In this paper, we will suggest design results and manufacturing status of proton ECR ion source for BNCT. Also, we will introduce the future plan about development of compact proton therapy and will report plans for feasibility study.

Slides TUAO02 [6.045 MB]

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TUAO03

Injector Characteristics of 100-MeV Proton Linac at KOMAC

H.S. Kim
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
Y.-S. Cho, D.I. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, S.P. Yun
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of the Korean Government.
A 100-MeV proton linac at Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) is under operation and has provided high-intensity proton beam to users since 2013. The injector part of the linac consists of a microwave ion source with 50 keV extraction energy, two solenoids for beam matching to the 3-MeV RFQ and a vacuum box including beam diagnostics and vacuum pump. The design current of the injector is 20 mA with 0.2 pi.mmmrad transverse normalized rms emittance. The injector was characterized through emittance measurement and solenoids operating parameter sweep. The details of the injector characteristics will be presented in this paper.

Slides TUAO03 [20.812 MB]

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TUAO04

SECRAL II Ion Source Development and the First Commissioning at 28 GHz

43

L.T. Sun, X. Fang, Y.C. Feng, J.W. Guo, H.Y. Ma, L.Z. Ma, Y.M. Ma, Z. Shen, W. Wu, T. Yang, Y. Yang, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, B. Zhao, H.W. Zhao
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

SECRAL II ion source has been successfully designed and developed at IMP. This ion source is a 3rd generation ECR machine optimized for the operation at 28 GHz. As a second superconducting ECR ion source developed at IMP with the identical coldmass design as SECRAL ion source, which has the sextupole coils external to the axial solenoids, the magnet performance is more robust according the training test. After a short time beam test at 18 GHz, SECRAL II has been commissioned at 28 GHz, and some preliminary results have been achieved with high charge state ion beam production. This paper will present the magnet design and test results. The first beam at 28 GHz will also be given.

Slides TUAO04 [8.218 MB]

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TUAO05

First Plasma of the PHOENIX V3 ECR Ion Source

48

T. Thuillier, J. Angot, L. Bonny, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, P. Sole
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
J.L. Flambard, L. Maunoury
GANIL, Caen, France
T. Kalvas
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
C. Peaucelle
IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France

Funding: This project was partially funded by the EU Grant Agreement 283745.
PHOENIX V3 is an upgrade of the PHOENIX V2 ECR ion source granted by the European CRISP project. This new ECRIS features a larger plasma chamber and a re-duced vacuum pressure under operation. The V3 source will replace the V2 one on the SPIRAL2 accelerator in 2018. The first plasma of PHOENIX V3 was achieved on May 9th 2016. The early commissioning of the V3 source at low 18 GHz power demonstrates as expected an en-hancement of the high charge state production and Ar¹⁴⁺ intensity already exceeds the V2 one. Further enhance-ments are expected the outgassing will be achieved and the full RF power will be injected in the source.

Slides TUAO05 [7.050 MB]

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WEAO01

Recent Developments with the GTS-LHC ECR Ion Source at CERN

50

V. Toivanen, G. Bellodi, C. Fichera, D. Küchler, A.M. Lombardi, M. Maintrot, A.I. Michet, M. O'Neil, S. Sadovich, F.J.C. Wenander
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland

Linac3 is the first link in the chain of accelerators providing highly charged heavy ion beams for the CERN experimental program. The beams, predominantly lead, are produced with the GTS-LHC 14.5 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source, operated in afterglow mode. In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade program (LIU), several activities have been carried out to improve the GTS-LHC and Linac3 performance, in terms of delivered beam current. The extraction region of the GTS-LHC has been upgraded with redesigned apertures and the addition of an einzel lens, yielding improved Linac3 output. Also, a series of measurements has been performed to study the effects of two-frequency heating on the performance of the GTS-LHC. A Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier (TWTA) with variable frequency and pulse pattern was utilized as a secondary microwave source. The two-frequency effect commonly reported with CW operation of ECR ion sources boosting high charge state ion production was also observed in afterglow mode. Lastly, for studies of metal ion beam production, a dedicated test stand has been assembled to characterize the GTS-LHC resistively heated miniature oven performance.

Slides WEAO01 [9.832 MB]

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WEAO02

Preliminary Design of a Hybrid Ion Source for 7Li+3 Generation

S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, H.T. Ren, J.M. Wen, W.B. Wu, Y. Xu, A.L. Zhang, J.F. Zhang, T. Zhang
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
J.E. Chen
Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
A.L. Zhang
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

To provide a novel directional fast-neutron via the p(7Li ,n) reaction for prompt fission γ -ray (PFG) spectra study, a hybrid 7Li³⁺ ion source was designed at Peking University(PKU). It is a combination of a 6.5 GHz ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) ion source and a hot surface ionization source. The surface ionization source locates inside the ECR chamber and a 500 V bias voltage is set between the hot surface and the ECR chamber. Lithium vapor from an oven is guided into the surface source through a heating transfer pipe. Li⁺ ions generated on the hot surface will be extracted from the surface source and striped into Li³⁺ with the electron impact ionization. To avoid the lithium vapor attaching on the wall of the discharge chamber, the whole plasma chamber will be heated up to 300 °C. A four-electrode extraction system will be used for Li³⁺ ion beam formation. Details will be presented in the paper.

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WEAO03

Practical Comparison of Two-Frequency Heating Phenomena in Different ECR Ion Sources

55

A. Kitagawa
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
S. Biri, R. Rácz
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
Y. Kato
Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
M. Muramatsu
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
W. Takasugi
AEC, Chiba, Japan

In order to improve highly-charged ion production from the 18GHz NIRS-HEC ECRIS, our group has studied the mixture of two microwaves of which the frequencies were close together each. Our conclusion was that when an additional microwave is added to the primary microwave, the plasma stability is improved. The output current of the highly charged ion beam was proportional to the total power of both microwaves. The dependence on the additional frequency showed the fine structure. Since this structure depended on the magnetic field, vacuum pressure, and so on, the precise frequency adjustment for maximum output was required under each condition. Our interest is whether the above-mentioned phenomenon can be demonstrated using a different ion source where the two frequencies are even far from each other. We installed a 17.75-18.25 GHz microwave system in addition to the 14.3 GHz klystron amplifier of the ATOMKI ECRIS. Argon output currents at various values of the microwave power and frequency were studied. The dependence on the total power shows the similar tendency as at NIRS. The dependence on the additional frequency also shows the fine structure. Detailed data will be presented.

Slides WEAO03 [4.648 MB]

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WEAO04

Installation and Commissioning of the 18 GHz High Temperature Superconducting Ecr Ion Source and Low Energy Beam Transport System on a 200 kV High Voltage Platform

G.O. Rodrigues, R. Ahuja, P. Barua, D. Kanjilal, A. Kothari, A. Malyadri, A. Mandal, Y.M. Mathur, U.K. Rao, A. Sharma
IUAC, New Delhi, India

The High Current Injector programme at the Inter University Accelerator Centre is presently in various stages of installation and commissioning. The main objective of the high current injector is to provide higher beam intensities (A/q ~ 6) over a wider mass range as compared to the presently operating 15UD, 16MV Tandem-LINAC combination. The injector is based on a reasonably high performing ECR ion source called PKDELIS. The 18 GHz high temperature superconducting ECR ion source, PKDELIS and the low energy beam transport system has been recently installed and commissioned on a 200 kV high voltage platform. The details of the installation and commissioning results will be presented.

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WEAO05

SMASHI and MeLA ECR Ion Source at NFRI: One for Highly-Charged Ions and the Other for High Current Metal Ions

H.J. You, W.I. Choo, S.O. Jang
NFRI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

There are two type of ECR ion sources at NFRI. One is SMASHI(Superconducting Multi-Application Source of Highly-charged Ions), and the other MeLA(Magnet-embedded Lisitano Antenna) ion source. They are developed for highly-charged ions(HCI) and high current metal ions(HCMI) generation, respectively. Firstly, SMASHI is a 18 GHz superconducting ECR ion source, which will be dedicated for future application of HCIs and matter interaction. SMASHI is featuring a liquid helium-free SC magnet having fast-excitation capability(>0.1 A/s) of coils, two frequency heating(18, 18+Δ GHz), remotely-positional variable gap extraction system, and two diagnostic ports for the extraction region. Secondly, MeLA ion source is a scalable high current(>10 mA) metal ion source. the MeLA*, originally developed for a large-area microwave ECR plasma source for semiconductor processing by our group, is able to generate high density uniform ECR plasma by a waveguide directly-coupled and permanent Magnet-embedded Lisitano Antenna. In this presentation we describe design aspects of the sources in detail, and then their performance results are provided.
*H. J. You, S. O. Jang, Y. H. Jung, and B. J. Lee, "Microwave Antenna for Generating Plasma", U.S. Patent 8 648 534, February, 2014.

Slides WEAO05 [47.317 MB]

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WEPP01

High Intensity Beam Production at CEA/Saclay For The IPHI Project

83

R. Gobin, D. Bogard, O. Delferrière, M. Desmons, Y. Gauthier, F. Harrault, F. Peauger, G. Perreu, B. Pottin, Y. Sauce, J. Schwindling, F. Senée, O. Tuske, D. Uriot, T.V. Vacher
CEA/DRF/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

CEA/Saclay is involved in high power proton accelerators for long years. This activity started in the 90's, with the development of the SILHI source which routinely produces tens mA of proton beam. Several industrial difficulties led to a very long IPHI RFQ construction process. The 352 MHz RFQ conditioning is presently in progress. Before the completion of the conditioning in CW mode, tests with pulsed proton beam have been decided. As a consequence, the SILHI source recently produced very short H⁺ beam pulses in order to allow the first IPHI beam acceleration. Such very short pulses, in the range of few hundred microseconds, allowed analyzing the beam loading of the RFQ cavity as well as conditioning the middle energy diagnostic. This article will focus on the source parameters and beam characteristics in the low energy beam line leading to the best RFQ transmission.

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WEPP02

Commissioning of the High Intensity Proton Injector of the Facility for Anti Proton and Ion Research at CEA-Saclay

86

O. Tuske, N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière, Y. Gauthier, P. Girardot, N. Misiara, Y. Sauce, F. Senée, C. Simon
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
F. Ameil, R. Berezov, J. Fils, R. Hollinger
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
T.V. Vacher
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) located at GSI (Darmstadt) in Germany addresses several fields of physics research within a single installation. One of the contribution of Irfu/SACM at CEA-Saclay to the FAIR linear proton accelerator concerns the development and construction of the ion source and the low energy line. The 2.45 GHz microwave ion source will deliver a 100 mA H⁺ beam pulsed at 4 Hz with an energy of 95 keV. A low energy beam transport (LEBT) line based on a dual solenoids focusing scheme allows the injection of the proton beam into the radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) within an acceptance of 0.3π mm.mrad (norm., rms). An electrostatic chopper system located between the second solenoid and the RFQ is used to cut the beam macro pulse from the source to inject 36 μs long beam pulses into the RFQ. This article reports the finalization of the installation of the injector with the detail of dedicated diagnostics, the first beam measurements and gives a planning of the different commissioning phases

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WEPP03

Never Run Your ECR Ion Source with Argon in Afterglow for 6 Months!

89

D. Küchler, A.I. Michet, J.A.F. Somoza, V. Toivanen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The fixed target experiment NA61 in the North Area of the SPS at CERN studies phase transitions in strongly interacting matter using the primary beams available from the CERN accelerator complex (protons and lead ions). In order to explore a wider range of energies and densities a primary argon beam was requested for the physics run in 2015. The GTS-LHC ECR ion source was running for many months during 2013 and 2014 to study the source behaviour and to setup the accelerator chain with argon ions. This paper reports the long term effects of the argon operation on the GTS-LHC ion source and the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT). Heavy sputtering inside the source caused a degradation of the plasma chamber and metal coating of insulators inside the beam extraction system. Iron ions could be found in the extracted beam. Also the pumping performance of ion getter pumps in the LEBT degraded significantly. Additional preventive maintenance was necessary to be able to run for long periods without risking serious damage to the ion source.

Poster WEPP03 [28.231 MB]

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WEPP05

Status Report on Metallic Beam Production at GANIL/SPIRAL 2

92

C. Barue, O. Bajeat, J.L. Flambard, R. Frigot, P. Jardin, N. Lechartier, F. Lemagnen, L. Maunoury, V. Metayer, O. Osmond
GANIL, Caen, France
C. Peaucelle
IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France
P. Sole, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France

Primary ion beams from metallic elements are routinely produced at GANIL using ECR4 and ECR4M 'room temperature' ECR ion sources. Ionization efficiency measurements, partially presented in the past, are summarized in this report together with updated and new results obtained with Cd, Mo and Ta. Preliminary results for Ni and Ca obtained with the room temperature Phoenix-V2 ECR ion source, under commissioning for SPIRAL 2, are also included. These ionization efficiencies are compared according to the production methods: oven, sputtering, MIVOC, gaseous compounds. The presently SPIRAL 2 heavy ion injector designed for ions Q/A=1/3 shows clear limitations in terms of intensity for metallic ions with mass higher than 60 (intensity < 1 pμA). In order to choose the best ion source for a future Q/A=1/6, 1/7 injector, best world results have been compiled for different existing 'room temperature' and superconducting ECR ion sources.
# christophe.barue@ganil.fr

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WEPP08

Development of Compact H⁺ ECR Ion Source with Pulse Gas Valve

98

Y. Fuwa, Y. Iwashita, H. Tongu
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
M. Ichikawa
QST, Tokai, Japan
N. Miyawaki
QST/Takasaki, Takasaki, Japan

Compact H⁺ ECR Ion Source using permanent magnets is under development. A pulsed gas injection system achieved by a piezo gas valve can reduce the gas load to a vacuum evacuation system. This feature is suitable when the ion source is closely located to an RFQ. Results of a performance test will be presented.

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WEPP09

Development of a New Compact 5.8 GHz ECR Ion Source

101

J. Angot, L. Bonny, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, P. Sole, T. Thuillier, F. Villa
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
P. Sortais
Polygon Physics, Grenoble, France

LPSC is developing a new 5.8 GHz compact ion source to produce low charge state ion beams and study their capture in the PHOENIX charge breeder. The source was designed to meet criteria like stability, compactness and low cost. It is mounted on a DN200 iso K flange and is fully under vaccum during operation. The technology brings modularity to ease the development. It can operate up to 60 kV. The plasma is heated by a 100W solid state amplifier. The ECRIS produces 1 mA of H⁺ beam with 20W of HF and low charge state Argon ions. It was tested under several microwave and magnetic configurations on a test bench equipped with a mass spectrometer and diagnostics. Given its excellent performances, this source is being installed to drive the accelerator based neutron source, GENEPI 2, at LPSC. The developments of the source together with the results of the experiments will be presented. Future plans for this ion source will also be discussed. This work was supported by the ERA-NET NuPNET in the frame of the EMILIE project.

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WEPP14

A New ECRIS Installation at the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System

106

R.H. Scott, C. Dickerson, R.C. Pardo, R.C. Vondrasek
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, an Office of Science User Facility
An existing all permanent magnet ECRIS, the BIE100 [1], will be installed at ATLAS to recover operational flexibility by providing ATLAS with a second ECR ion source for stable beams. For years ATLAS has operated with two ECR ion sources, ECR2 and the ECR charge breeder as well as a tandem electrostatic injector. The tandem was retired in 2013 and in mid-2015 the ECR charge breeder was decommissioned to make room for a new Electron Beam Ion Source exclusively for charge breeding radioactive ion beams. This left the facility with a single ECR source for virtually all stable ion beam pro-duction. Design, installation plans and anticipated opera-tional parameters are discussed.
*Dan Z. Xie, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 531 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1429320

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WEPP15

Design, Construction and Commissioning of the New Superconducting Ion Source AISHa

109

L. Celona, G. Castro, F. Chines, G. Ciavola, G. Costa, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, S. Marletta, D. Mascali, F. Noto, G. Pastore, G. Torrisi, S. Vinciguerra
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

At INFN-LNS a new superconducting ECRIS named AISHa has been designed with the aim to provide highly charged ion beams with low ripple, high stability and high reproducibility, also fulfilling the needs of hospital installations (e.g. L-He free, easy to use, etc.). It is a hybrid ion source based on a permanent magnet hexapole providing 1.3 T on plasma chamber walls, and four superconducting coils for the axial trapping. The axial magnetic system is very flexible in order to minimize the hot electron component and to optimize the ECR heating by controlling the field gradients and the resonance length. The design of the hexapole aimed to minimize the demagnetization due to SC coils. The magnetic system measurement confirmed the effectiveness of the adopted solutions. Innovative solutions have been also implemented as it concerns the RF system design. It will permit to operate in single/double frequency mode, supported by variable frequency high power klystron generators, thus exploiting at the same time the FTE Frequency Tuning Effect and the Two Frequency Heating. The source has been assembled at the INFN-LNS site and the commissioning phase already started.

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WEPP18

Innovative Mechanical Solutions for the Design of the High Intensity Proton Injector for the European Spallation Source

112

G. Gallo, L. Allegra, L. Celona, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, L. Neri, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The design of the 2.45 GHz, 0.1 T microwave discharge Proton Source for the European Spallation Source (PS-ESS) has required on-purpose solutions in order to maximize the beam brightness, keeping a very high reliability figure. The mitigation of maintenance issues has been the main guideline through the design phase to maximize the MTBF and minimize the MTTR. The mechanical design has been based on advanced solutions in order to reduce as much as possible the venting time for the plasma chamber, to facilitate the replacement of extraction electrodes and/or plasma chamber, and to simplify any after-maintenance alignment procedure. The paper will describe the strategy which has driven the design phase, the solutions adopted to fulfil the project goals and the results of the assembly phase recently concluded at INFN-LNS with successful first plasma.

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THAO01

Recent production of intense high charge ion beams with VENUS

142

D. Xie, J.Y. Benitez, C.M. Lyneis, D.S. Todd
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
W. Lu
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

Several modifications have been made to the VENUS to enhance its performance at high microwave power and bring its performance closer to the levels predicted by scaling laws for 28 GHz operation. Two of these modifications improved its tolerance for operation at microwave power up to 10 kW. The cooling scheme on the plasma wall was improved to eliminate damage caused by localized electron heating. Similarly the extraction electrode was redesigned to transport away the electron heating more effectively. The third modification reduced the waveguide diameter, which launches the 28 GHz power into the plasma chamber. The source now runs efficiently at 10 kW of injected power with a more favorable magnetic field configuration. The production of intense highly charged ion beams with VENUS has been substantially enhanced. It has produced a number of record CW beams: 4.5 emA of O⁶⁺, 0.40 emA of Ar¹⁶⁺ and 0.06 emA of Ar¹⁷⁺ and for the first time the VENUS has produced more than 1 emA of Ar¹²⁺ and O⁷⁺. Source tuning is currently underway to explore the potential of VENUS and the overall improved source performance will be presented.

Slides THAO01 [4.261 MB]

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THAO02

Development Status of 28 GHz Superconducting ECR Ion Source for the KBSI Accelerator

S. Choi, J. Bahng, J.G. Hong, S.J. Kim, B.S. Lee, J.W. Ok, J.Y. Park, M. Won, J.H. Yoon
Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by the KBSI under Grant No. C36220.
A 28 GHz superconducting ECR ion source has been developed as an injector apparatus for heavy ion accelerator of KBSI. The final goal of accelerated ion beam was aimed to generate fast neutrons with the proton target by p(Li, n)Be reaction under inverse kinematics scheme. In 2014, most of parts for ECR ion source was developed and assembled. We have made the first ECR plasma generation and ion beam extraction, which was reported in 2014. For optimizing the operational issues of ECR ion source, we carried out various experiments with respect to several species of ion beam. Recently, we have encountered to maintain the cryogenics for superconudcting magnet due to the operating time of cryocooler and compressor. We modified three parts during maintanance: (1) installation of iron pole in the hexapole magnet to enhance the radial magnetic field, (2)new recondensation device to increase the efficiency of the liquid helium liquification, (3)bias disk modification for better beam extraction. We will present the current status and further modificaion effect on the 28 GHz superconducting ECR ion source of KBSI.

Slides THAO02 [80.794 MB]

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