PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
Field emission and dark current are issues of concern for SRF cavity performance and SRF linac operation. Complete understanding and reliable control of the issue are still needed, especially in full-scale multi-cell cavities. Our work aims at developing a generic procedure for finding an active field emitter in a multi-cell cavity and benchmarking the procedure through cavity vertical test. Our ultimate goal is to provide feedback to cavity preparation and cavity string assembly in order to reduce or eliminate filed emission in SRF cavities. Systematic analysis of behaviors of field emitted electrons is obtained by ACE3P developed by SLAC. Experimental benchmark of the procedure was carried out in a 9-cell cavity vertical test at JLab. The energy spectrum of Bremsstrahlung X-rays is measured using a NaI(Tl) detector. The end-point energy in the X-ray energy spectrum is taken as the highest kinetic electron energy to predict longitudinal position of the active field emitter. Angular location of the field emitter is determined by an array of silicon diodes around irises of the cavity. High-resolution optical inspection was conducted at the predicted field emitter location.
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
RRCAT, Indore (M.P.), India
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
Centrifugal Barrel polishing (CBP) is becoming a common R&D tool for SRF cavity preparation around the word. During the CBP process a cylindrically symmetric SRF cavity is filled with relatively cheap and environmentally friendly abrasive and sealed. The cavity is then spun around the cylindrical axis at high speeds uniformly conditioning the inner surface. This uniformity is especially relevant for SRF application because many times a single manufacturing defects limits cavity’s performance well below it’s theoretical limit. In addition CBP has created surfaces with roughness’s on the order of 10’s of nm which create a unique surface for wet chemistry or thin film deposition. CBP is now being utilized at Jefferson Laboratory, Fermi Laboratory and Cornell University in the US, Ko Enerugi Kasokuki Kenkyu Kiku in Japan, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron in Germany, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro in Italy, and Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology in India. In this talk we will present current CBP research from each lab including polishing recipes, equipment, post CBP chemistry/heat treatment, and subsequent cryogenic cavity tests on niobium as well as copper cavities.
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
At SRF 2011 we presented the study of quenches in high gradient SRF cavities with dual mode excitation technique[*]. The data differed from measurements done in 80’s that indicated thermal breakdown nature of quenches in SRF cavities. In this contribution we present analysis of the data that indicates that our recent data for high gradient quenches is consistent with the magnetic breakdown on the defects with thermally suppressed critical field. From the parametric fits derived within the model we estimate the critical breakdown fields and RF resistances at the breakdown site.
[*] G. Eremeev et al.,. In Proceedings of the 15th Superconducting RF conference,pp. 746-749, July 2011.
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
One of the alternative manufacturing technologies for SRF cavities is hydroforming from seamless tubes. Although this technology has produced cavities with gradient and Q-values comparable to standard EBW/EP cavities, a few questions remain. One of these questions is whether the quench mechanism in hydroformed cavities is the same as in standard electron beam welded cavities. Towards this effort Jefferson Lab performed quench studies on 4 different seamless hydroformed cavities. These cavities include DESY’s – Z163 and Z164 nine-cell cavities, and Black Laboratories nine-cell and two-cell TESLA shaped cavities, hydroformed at DESY. Initial results from the cavities and quench localization were published in SRF2011*. In this report we will present post JLAB surface retreatment quench studies for each cavity. The data will include OST and T-mapping quench localization as well as quench location preheating analysis comparing them to the observations in standard electron beam welded cavities.
*W. Singer, A. Ermakov, G. Kreps, A. Matheisen, X. Singer, K. Twarowski, I. Zhelezov, P. Kneisel, R. Crooks, Proceedings of SRF2011, TUPO026 2011.
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
Centrifugal barrel polishing (CBP) for SRF application is becoming more wide spread as the technique for cavity surface preparation. CBP is now being used in some form at SRF laboratories around the world. Before the process can become as mature as wet chemistry like eletro-polishing (EP) and buffered chemical polishing (BCP) there are many questions which remain unanswered. One of these topics includes the uniformity of removal as a function of cavity shape and material type. In this presentation we show CBP removal rates for various media types on 1.3 GHz TESLA and 1.5 GHz CEBAF large grain niobium cavities, 1.3 GHz TESLA fine grain niobium cavity, and 1.3GHz low surface field copper cavity. The data will also include calculated RF frequency shift modeling non-uniform removal as a function of cavity position and comparing them with CBP results.
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
AASC, San Leandro, California, USA
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
This study is an on-going research on depositing a Nb film on the internal wall of bulk Nb single cell SRF cavities, via an coaxial energetic condensation (CED) facility at AASC company. The motivation is to firstly create a homoepitaxy-like Nb/Nb film in a scale of a ~1.5GHz RF single cell cavity. Next, through SRF measurement and materials analysis, it might reveal the baseline properties of the CED-type homoepitaxy Nb films. Such knowledge of Nb-Nb homo-epitaxy is useful to create future realistic SRF cavity film coatings, such as hetero-epitaxy Nb/Cu Films, or template-layer-mitigated Nb films. One large-grain, and three fine grain bulk Nb cavity were coated. They went through cryogenic RF measurement. Preliminary results show that the Q0 of a Nb film at 2 K and low rf field, produced by CED, could be close to that of the pre-coated bulk Nb surface (being CBP'ed plus a light EP); but the quality drops rapidly for increasing rf field. We are investigating if the severe Q0-slope is caused by hydrogen incorporation before deposition, or is determined by some structural defects during Nb film growth.
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
PKU, Beijing, People's Republic of China
In this study, we present preliminary results on using a cathodic-arc-discharge Nb plasma ion source to establish a Nb film-coated single-cell Cu cavity for SRF research. The polycrystalline Cu cavity was fabricated and mirror-surface-finished by a centrifugal barrel polishing (CBP) process at Jefferson Lab. Special pre-coating processes were conducted, in order to create a template-layer for follow-on Nb grain thickening. A sequence of cryogenic RF testing demonstrated that the Nb film does show superconductivity. But the quality factor of this Nb/Cu cavity is low as a result of high residual surface resistance. We are conducting a thorough materials characterization to explore if some microstructural defects or hydrogen impurities, led to such a low quality factor.