IBIC2013 - List of Keywords (monitoring)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPC44	A Gigabit Ethernet Link for an FPGA Based Beam Loss Measurement System	CERN, beam-losses, instrumentation, LHC	178
	M. Kwiatkowski, M. Alsdorf, B. Dehning, W. Viganò, C. Zamantzas CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	A new Beam Loss Measurement (BLM) system is under development at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) within the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project. The multi-channel system will measure the beam losses from various types of detectors with a high precision and wide dynamic range. Several modes of data acquisition are supported. The data rate in the single-channel mode is 16 Mbps and in the multi-channel mode 128 Mbps. The Gigabit Ethernet link is implemented in an FPGA, which allows both a high throughput and a quick validation of the digital data processing algorithms using standard PCs in the initial stages of the development. Both TCP and UDP protocols were explored. The implementation of the Ethernet link is flexible and proved to be highly reliable, leading to its planned use in other measurement systems developed at CERN. The implementation details of the Ethernet link and the results achieved will be described in this paper.
	Poster MOPC44 [0.833 MB]

MOPF15	Advanced uses of a Current Transformer and a Multi-Wire Profile Monitor for Online Monitoring of the Stripper Foil Degradation in the 3-GeV RCS of J-PARC	injection, proton, target, linac	239
	P.K. Saha, H. Harada, S. Hatakeyama, N. Hayashi, H. Hotchi, M. Kinsho, K. Okabe, R. Saeki, K. Yamamoto, Y. Yamazaki, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	We have established advanced and sophisticated uses of a Current Transformer (CT) and a Multi-Wire Profile Monitor (MWPM) for measuring as well as online monitoring of the stripper foil degradation during user operation of the 3-GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) in Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). An incoming negative hydrogen beam from the Linac is stripped to a proton beam by using a stripper foil placed in the RCS injection area. Foil degradation such as, foil thinning and pinhole formation are believed to be signs of a foil breaking. A sudden foil breaking is not only a load on the accelerator downtime but also raises maintenance issues. In a high intensity accelerator like RCS, a proper monitoring system of the foil is thus important in order to avoid such above issues by replacing the foil with a new one in the scheduled maintenance day. The thickness of the stipper foil used for the present 181 MeV injection energy is 200 ug/cm², where a change of foil thickness as low as 1% or even less has already been successfully monitored by utilizing the presented method. Measured data for the last 6 months operation of the RCS will be presented.
	Poster MOPF15 [1.591 MB]

TUPC31	New Design of High Order Modes Electronics in MTCA.4 Standard for FLASH and the European XFEL	XFEL, DESY, beam-position, alignment	443
	S. Bou Habib, A. Abramowicz Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland N. Baboi, H. Schlarb DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	At free-electron linear accelerators, various High Order Modes (HOM) - both monopole and dipole - are excited. Extensive studies at DESY have shown that monitoring and analysis of some of these modes can be used for different applications including Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) and the reduction of wake-fields, the measurement of the beam phase with-respect-to RF signal in cavities, and the measurement of cavity alignment in the 1.3 GHz cryo-modules. Three frequencies were chosen for further experiments: the 1.3 GHz base frequency from the klystron, the 1.7 GHz dipole mode and the 2.4 GHz monopole mode. In order to realize the monitoring and analysis requirements, very high resolution measurements in amplitude, phase and shape (time resolution) are required for all three frequencies simultaneously. In this paper, we present the new HOM electronics prototype including a microstrip and stripline RF tri-passband filter design and measurements and the specialized MTCA.4 Rear Transition Module for HOM measurements with an ultra-fast high-resolution AMC digitizer.
	Poster TUPC31 [1.226 MB]

TUPC33	Femtosecond Stable Laser-to-RF Phase Detection for Optical Synchronization Systems	laser, controls, XFEL, polarization	447
	T. Lamb, M.K. Czwalinna, M. Felber, C. Gerth, H. Schlarb, S. Schulz, C. Sydlo, M. Titberidze, F. Zummack DESY, Hamburg, Germany E. Janas Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland J. Szewiński NCBJ, Świerk/Otwock, Poland
	Optical reference distributions have become an indispensable asset for femtosecond precision synchronization of free-electron lasers. At FLASH and for the future European XFEL, laser pulses are distributed over large distances in round-trip time stabilized fibers to all critical facility sub-systems. Novel Laser-to-RF phase detectors will be used to provide ultra phase stable and long-term drift free microwave signals for the accelerator RF controls. In this paper, we present the recent progress on the design of a fully integrated and engineered version of the L2RF phase detector, together with first experimental results demonstrating so-far unrivaled performance.
	Poster TUPC33 [18.910 MB]

TUPC34	Precision Synchronization of Optical Lasers Based on MTCA.4 Electronics	laser, feedback, DESY, XFEL	451
	U. Mavrič, L. Butkowski, H.T. Duhme, M. Felber, M. Fenner, C. Gerth, P. Peier, H. Schlarb, B. Steffen DESY, Hamburg, Germany T. Kozak, P. Predki TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland
	Optical laser have become an integral part of free-electron laser facilities for the purposes of electron bunch generation, external seeding, diagnostics and pump-probe experiments. The ultra-short electron bunches demand a high timing stability and precision synchronization of the optical lasers. In this paper, we present the proof-of-principle for a laser locking application implemented on a MTCA.4 platform. The system design relies on existing MTCA.4 compliant off-the-shelf modules that are available on the market or have been developed for other applications within the particle accelerator community. Besides performance and cost, we also tried to minimize the number of out-of-crate components. Preliminary measurements of laser locking at the FLASH and REGAE particle accelerators are presented, and an outlook for further system development in the area of laser-to-RF synchronization is given.

TUPC45	DOSFET-L02: An Advanced Online Dosimetry System for RADFET Sensors	radiation, ELETTRA, controls, undulator	481
	L. Fröhlich, S. Grulja Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy F. Löhl PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Funding: This work was supported in part by the Italian Ministry of University and Research under grants FIRB-RBAP045JF2 and FIRB-RBAP06AWK3. Radiation-sensing field-effect transistors (RADFETs) are integrating dosimeters that have found wide application in space and particle accelerator environments. We present a new system, the DOSFET-L02, for the readout of up to four RADFET sensors. The system features enhanced readout stability, support for long sensor cables, an adjustable exposure bias voltage of up to 30 V, and integrated temperature measurement. Recent measurements demonstrate the performance of the system with RADFETs at bias voltages of 9 V, 25 V, and under zero bias.

TUPF22	Beam Halo Monitor Based on an HD Digital Micro Mirror Array	controls, laser, transverse, radiation	557
	B.B.D. Lomberg, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom B.B.D. Lomberg, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: This work is supported by the European Union under contract PITN-GA-2011-289485 and by STFC under the Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1. A beam halo monitor is an essential device to pursue studies of halo particles produced in any particle accelerator as to investigate the effects of disturbances, such as field kicks, gradient errors, etc. A fast, least intrusive, high dynamic range monitor will allow the detection and potentially control of particles at the tail of a transverse beam distribution. Light generated by a beam of charged particles is routinely used for beam diagnostic purposes. A halo monitor based on a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) used to generate an adaptive optical mask to block light in the core of the emitted light profile and hence limit observation to halo particles has been developed in close collaboration with CERN and University of Maryland. In this contribution an evolution of this monitor is presented. A high definition micro-mirror array with 1920x1080 pixels has been embedded into a MATLAB-based control system, giving access to even higher monitor resolution. A masking algorithm has also been developed that automates mask generation based on user-definable thresholds, converts between CCD and DMD geometries, processes and analyses the beam halo signal and is presented in detail.
	Poster TUPF22 [1.558 MB]

WECL3	The LUPIN Detector: Supporting Least Intrusive Beam Monitoring Technique Through Neutron Detection	radiation, beam-losses, proton, synchrotron	648
	G.P. Manessi, M. Silari CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Caresana Politecnico/Milano, Milano, Italy M. Ferrarini CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy G.P. Manessi, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G.P. Manessi, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	The Long interval, Ultra-wide dynamic Pile-up free Neutron rem counter (LUPIN) is a novel detector initially developed for radiation protection purposes, specifically conceived for applications in pulsed neutron fields. The detector has a measurement capability varying over many orders of neutron burst intensity, from a single neutron up to thousands of interactions for each burst, without showing any saturation effect. Whilst LUPIN has been developed for applications in the radiation protection fields, its unique properties make it also well suited to support other beam instrumentation. In this contribution, the design of LUPIN is presented in detail and its main characteristics are summarized. Its potential use as beam loss monitor and complementary detector for non-invasive beam monitoring purposes (e.g. to complement a monitor based on proton beam “halo” detection) in medical accelerators is then examined. In the context of its application as a beam loss monitor for hadrontherapy accelerators, results of measurements performed at the Italian National Centre of Hadrontherapy (CNAO) are presented and analyzed.
	Slides WECL3 [1.431 MB]

WEPC19	Performance of Injection Beam Position Monitors in the J-PARC RCS	injection, linac, BPM, bunching	716
	N. Hayashi, P.K. Saha JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan T. Toyama J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
	It is important to monitor the injected beam trajectory and position into a synchrotron ring. In the J-PARC RCS, there are two specialized beam position monitors (BPM) in the first arc section in order to perform continuous monitoring. They detect the linac RF frequency 324 MHz or its second harmonics, these contributions quickly decrease after a few turns in the ring. Therefore, they are sensitive only just injected beam. The RCS adopts the multi-turn injection and transverse painting. These monitors are useful to check the beam behavior on-line.

WEPF30	System Overview and Preliminary Test Results of the ESS Beam Current Monitor System	ESS, linac, beam-losses, controls	891
	H. Hassanzadegan, A. Jansson ESS, Lund, Sweden K. Strniša Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia
	The ESS Linac will include in total 21 Beam Current Monitors, mostly of ACCT type, to measure the average current over the 2.86 ms beam pulse, the pulse charge and the pulse profile. It is also planned to use a few Fast Current Transformers to check the performance of the fast beam choppers with a rise time as short as 10 ns. In addition to the absolute current measurement, the BCM system needs to measure the differential beam current and act on the Machine Interlock System if the difference exceeds some thresholds. The differential current measurement is particularly important in the low energy part of the Linac, where Beam Loss Monitors cannot reliably detect beam losses. This paper gives an overview of the ESS BCM system and presents some preliminary test results with a commercial ACCT and MTCA.4 electronics.
	Poster WEPF30 [6.267 MB]

WEPF33	Measurement and Control of the Beam Intensity for the SPIRAL2 Accelerator	controls, SPIRAL2, ion, linac	900
	S.L. Leloir, T.A. André, B. Ducoudret, C. Jamet, G. Ledu, C. Potier de courcy GANIL, Caen, France
	The phase 1 of the SPIRAL2 facility is under construction at the GANIL (Caen, France). The accelerator including a RFQ and a superconducting linac will product deuteron, proton and heavy ion beams in a wide range of intensities and energies (beam power range: a few 100W to 200kW). The measurements of the beam intensities are ensured by several AC and DC Current Transformers (ACCT/DCCT). These measurements are required for the accelerator tuning and the beam controls for safety requests during the daily operation. The uncertainty has to be taken into account to determine the threshold value. This paper presents the measuring chain description of ACCT/DCCT, the signal processing by integration and the uncertainty studies.
	Poster WEPF33 [3.132 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPC44

A Gigabit Ethernet Link for an FPGA Based Beam Loss Measurement System

CERN, beam-losses, instrumentation, LHC

178

M. Kwiatkowski, M. Alsdorf, B. Dehning, W. Viganò, C. Zamantzas
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A new Beam Loss Measurement (BLM) system is under development at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) within the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project. The multi-channel system will measure the beam losses from various types of detectors with a high precision and wide dynamic range. Several modes of data acquisition are supported. The data rate in the single-channel mode is 16 Mbps and in the multi-channel mode 128 Mbps. The Gigabit Ethernet link is implemented in an FPGA, which allows both a high throughput and a quick validation of the digital data processing algorithms using standard PCs in the initial stages of the development. Both TCP and UDP protocols were explored. The implementation of the Ethernet link is flexible and proved to be highly reliable, leading to its planned use in other measurement systems developed at CERN. The implementation details of the Ethernet link and the results achieved will be described in this paper.

Poster MOPC44 [0.833 MB]

MOPF15

Advanced uses of a Current Transformer and a Multi-Wire Profile Monitor for Online Monitoring of the Stripper Foil Degradation in the 3-GeV RCS of J-PARC

injection, proton, target, linac

239

P.K. Saha, H. Harada, S. Hatakeyama, N. Hayashi, H. Hotchi, M. Kinsho, K. Okabe, R. Saeki, K. Yamamoto, Y. Yamazaki, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

We have established advanced and sophisticated uses of a Current Transformer (CT) and a Multi-Wire Profile Monitor (MWPM) for measuring as well as online monitoring of the stripper foil degradation during user operation of the 3-GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) in Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). An incoming negative hydrogen beam from the Linac is stripped to a proton beam by using a stripper foil placed in the RCS injection area. Foil degradation such as, foil thinning and pinhole formation are believed to be signs of a foil breaking. A sudden foil breaking is not only a load on the accelerator downtime but also raises maintenance issues. In a high intensity accelerator like RCS, a proper monitoring system of the foil is thus important in order to avoid such above issues by replacing the foil with a new one in the scheduled maintenance day. The thickness of the stipper foil used for the present 181 MeV injection energy is 200 ug/cm², where a change of foil thickness as low as 1% or even less has already been successfully monitored by utilizing the presented method. Measured data for the last 6 months operation of the RCS will be presented.

Poster MOPF15 [1.591 MB]

TUPC31

New Design of High Order Modes Electronics in MTCA.4 Standard for FLASH and the European XFEL

XFEL, DESY, beam-position, alignment

443

S. Bou Habib, A. Abramowicz
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland
N. Baboi, H. Schlarb
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

At free-electron linear accelerators, various High Order Modes (HOM) - both monopole and dipole - are excited. Extensive studies at DESY have shown that monitoring and analysis of some of these modes can be used for different applications including Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) and the reduction of wake-fields, the measurement of the beam phase with-respect-to RF signal in cavities, and the measurement of cavity alignment in the 1.3 GHz cryo-modules. Three frequencies were chosen for further experiments: the 1.3 GHz base frequency from the klystron, the 1.7 GHz dipole mode and the 2.4 GHz monopole mode. In order to realize the monitoring and analysis requirements, very high resolution measurements in amplitude, phase and shape (time resolution) are required for all three frequencies simultaneously. In this paper, we present the new HOM electronics prototype including a microstrip and stripline RF tri-passband filter design and measurements and the specialized MTCA.4 Rear Transition Module for HOM measurements with an ultra-fast high-resolution AMC digitizer.

Poster TUPC31 [1.226 MB]

TUPC33

Femtosecond Stable Laser-to-RF Phase Detection for Optical Synchronization Systems

laser, controls, XFEL, polarization

447

T. Lamb, M.K. Czwalinna, M. Felber, C. Gerth, H. Schlarb, S. Schulz, C. Sydlo, M. Titberidze, F. Zummack
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
E. Janas
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw, Poland
J. Szewiński
NCBJ, Świerk/Otwock, Poland

Optical reference distributions have become an indispensable asset for femtosecond precision synchronization of free-electron lasers. At FLASH and for the future European XFEL, laser pulses are distributed over large distances in round-trip time stabilized fibers to all critical facility sub-systems. Novel Laser-to-RF phase detectors will be used to provide ultra phase stable and long-term drift free microwave signals for the accelerator RF controls. In this paper, we present the recent progress on the design of a fully integrated and engineered version of the L2RF phase detector, together with first experimental results demonstrating so-far unrivaled performance.

Poster TUPC33 [18.910 MB]

TUPC34

Precision Synchronization of Optical Lasers Based on MTCA.4 Electronics

laser, feedback, DESY, XFEL

451

U. Mavrič, L. Butkowski, H.T. Duhme, M. Felber, M. Fenner, C. Gerth, P. Peier, H. Schlarb, B. Steffen
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
T. Kozak, P. Predki
TUL-DMCS, Łódź, Poland

Optical laser have become an integral part of free-electron laser facilities for the purposes of electron bunch generation, external seeding, diagnostics and pump-probe experiments. The ultra-short electron bunches demand a high timing stability and precision synchronization of the optical lasers. In this paper, we present the proof-of-principle for a laser locking application implemented on a MTCA.4 platform. The system design relies on existing MTCA.4 compliant off-the-shelf modules that are available on the market or have been developed for other applications within the particle accelerator community. Besides performance and cost, we also tried to minimize the number of out-of-crate components. Preliminary measurements of laser locking at the FLASH and REGAE particle accelerators are presented, and an outlook for further system development in the area of laser-to-RF synchronization is given.

TUPC45

DOSFET-L02: An Advanced Online Dosimetry System for RADFET Sensors

radiation, ELETTRA, controls, undulator

481

L. Fröhlich, S. Grulja
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
F. Löhl
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Funding: This work was supported in part by the Italian Ministry of University and Research under grants FIRB-RBAP045JF2 and FIRB-RBAP06AWK3.
Radiation-sensing field-effect transistors (RADFETs) are integrating dosimeters that have found wide application in space and particle accelerator environments. We present a new system, the DOSFET-L02, for the readout of up to four RADFET sensors. The system features enhanced readout stability, support for long sensor cables, an adjustable exposure bias voltage of up to 30 V, and integrated temperature measurement. Recent measurements demonstrate the performance of the system with RADFETs at bias voltages of 9 V, 25 V, and under zero bias.

TUPF22

Beam Halo Monitor Based on an HD Digital Micro Mirror Array

controls, laser, transverse, radiation

557

B.B.D. Lomberg, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
B.B.D. Lomberg, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: This work is supported by the European Union under contract PITN-GA-2011-289485 and by STFC under the Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1.
A beam halo monitor is an essential device to pursue studies of halo particles produced in any particle accelerator as to investigate the effects of disturbances, such as field kicks, gradient errors, etc. A fast, least intrusive, high dynamic range monitor will allow the detection and potentially control of particles at the tail of a transverse beam distribution. Light generated by a beam of charged particles is routinely used for beam diagnostic purposes. A halo monitor based on a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) used to generate an adaptive optical mask to block light in the core of the emitted light profile and hence limit observation to halo particles has been developed in close collaboration with CERN and University of Maryland. In this contribution an evolution of this monitor is presented. A high definition micro-mirror array with 1920x1080 pixels has been embedded into a MATLAB-based control system, giving access to even higher monitor resolution. A masking algorithm has also been developed that automates mask generation based on user-definable thresholds, converts between CCD and DMD geometries, processes and analyses the beam halo signal and is presented in detail.

Poster TUPF22 [1.558 MB]

WECL3

The LUPIN Detector: Supporting Least Intrusive Beam Monitoring Technique Through Neutron Detection

radiation, beam-losses, proton, synchrotron

648

G.P. Manessi, M. Silari
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Caresana
Politecnico/Milano, Milano, Italy
M. Ferrarini
CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy
G.P. Manessi, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G.P. Manessi, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

The Long interval, Ultra-wide dynamic Pile-up free Neutron rem counter (LUPIN) is a novel detector initially developed for radiation protection purposes, specifically conceived for applications in pulsed neutron fields. The detector has a measurement capability varying over many orders of neutron burst intensity, from a single neutron up to thousands of interactions for each burst, without showing any saturation effect. Whilst LUPIN has been developed for applications in the radiation protection fields, its unique properties make it also well suited to support other beam instrumentation. In this contribution, the design of LUPIN is presented in detail and its main characteristics are summarized. Its potential use as beam loss monitor and complementary detector for non-invasive beam monitoring purposes (e.g. to complement a monitor based on proton beam “halo” detection) in medical accelerators is then examined. In the context of its application as a beam loss monitor for hadrontherapy accelerators, results of measurements performed at the Italian National Centre of Hadrontherapy (CNAO) are presented and analyzed.

Slides WECL3 [1.431 MB]

WEPC19

Performance of Injection Beam Position Monitors in the J-PARC RCS

injection, linac, BPM, bunching

716

N. Hayashi, P.K. Saha
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
T. Toyama
J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Ibaraki-ken, Japan

It is important to monitor the injected beam trajectory and position into a synchrotron ring. In the J-PARC RCS, there are two specialized beam position monitors (BPM) in the first arc section in order to perform continuous monitoring. They detect the linac RF frequency 324 MHz or its second harmonics, these contributions quickly decrease after a few turns in the ring. Therefore, they are sensitive only just injected beam. The RCS adopts the multi-turn injection and transverse painting. These monitors are useful to check the beam behavior on-line.

WEPF30

System Overview and Preliminary Test Results of the ESS Beam Current Monitor System

ESS, linac, beam-losses, controls

891

H. Hassanzadegan, A. Jansson
ESS, Lund, Sweden
K. Strniša
Cosylab, Ljubljana, Slovenia

The ESS Linac will include in total 21 Beam Current Monitors, mostly of ACCT type, to measure the average current over the 2.86 ms beam pulse, the pulse charge and the pulse profile. It is also planned to use a few Fast Current Transformers to check the performance of the fast beam choppers with a rise time as short as 10 ns. In addition to the absolute current measurement, the BCM system needs to measure the differential beam current and act on the Machine Interlock System if the difference exceeds some thresholds. The differential current measurement is particularly important in the low energy part of the Linac, where Beam Loss Monitors cannot reliably detect beam losses. This paper gives an overview of the ESS BCM system and presents some preliminary test results with a commercial ACCT and MTCA.4 electronics.

Poster WEPF30 [6.267 MB]

WEPF33

Measurement and Control of the Beam Intensity for the SPIRAL2 Accelerator

controls, SPIRAL2, ion, linac

900

S.L. Leloir, T.A. André, B. Ducoudret, C. Jamet, G. Ledu, C. Potier de courcy
GANIL, Caen, France

The phase 1 of the SPIRAL2 facility is under construction at the GANIL (Caen, France). The accelerator including a RFQ and a superconducting linac will product deuteron, proton and heavy ion beams in a wide range of intensities and energies (beam power range: a few 100W to 200kW). The measurements of the beam intensities are ensured by several AC and DC Current Transformers (ACCT/DCCT). These measurements are required for the accelerator tuning and the beam controls for safety requests during the daily operation. The uncertainty has to be taken into account to determine the threshold value. This paper presents the measuring chain description of ACCT/DCCT, the signal processing by integration and the uncertainty studies.

Poster WEPF33 [3.132 MB]