Fermilab, Batavia, USA
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
From 2005 through 2012, the Fermilab Main Injector provided intense beams of 120 GeV protons to produce neutrino beams and antiprotons. Hardware improvements in conjunction with improved diagnostics allowed the system to reach sustained operation at ~400 kW beam power. Losses were at or near the 8 GeV injection energy where 95\% beam transmission results in about 1.5 kW of beam loss. By minimizing and localizing loss, residual radiation levels fell while beam power was doubled. Lost beam was directed to either the collimation system or to the beam abort. Critical apertures were increased while improved instrumentation allowed optimal use of available apertures. We will summarize the impact of various loss control tools and the status and trends in residual radiation in the Main Injector.
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
The Proton Source (PS) has been the workhorse of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) for over 40 years. During that time the United States High Energy Physics program has continued to change with increasing demands put on the PS. The past 10 years saw an increase of over 10 fold in required hourly flux for the PS and plans are now underway to have the capability to double the output with continued operations until at least 2025. To meet these goals, effort in area of beam loss control has been a major part of the upgrades. Beam collimation and absorption systems as well as diagnostics used to mitigate and control losses have been implemented. The recent implementation of new correctors for orbit and higher harmonic control has also been very beneficial. A summary of recent and planned modification to these PS systems will be discussed.
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
The Fermi Lab Proton Source has seen a dramatic increase in requested flux this past decade. An increase of over ten fold in hourly flux was necessary to meet the FNAL HEP experimental requirements. This next decade will be just as challenging as the lab's HEP planning will again require the Proton Source to double the hourly flux. The recent achievements were accomplished with major upgrades such a collimation system, new correctors and aperture improvements. To achieve the next level of proton delivery rates will require even more improvements. A five year Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) is currently underway with a goal to maintain 2012 activation levels while doubling the hourly flux. Tasks in the PIP to help reduce losses include an improved beam notching system, cogging, aperture improvement and beam emittances control and reduction. This talk will describe current conditions and plans to mitigate losses with the planned increase in proton throughput.
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
The effects of resonances on high power hadron accelerators are explored. These resonances include systematic space-charge resonances, third-order resonance, and other weak random resonances that are often present in FFAG and other RCS accelerators. The distortion of invariant torus during resonance crossing is used to set limit on emittance growth or fraction of particle trapped. The critical resonance strength in the ring lattice is determined from a simple scaling law derived as a function of the tune-ramp rate and initial emittance. Such scaling law can be useful in the evaluation of the performance in high power accelerators.
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA