Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
Cooling of hadron beams is often the only technique by which accelerator facilities around the world achieve the necessary beam brightness necessary for their physics research. In this paper, we will give an overview of the latest developments in hadron beam cooling, for which high energy electron cooling at Fermilab’s Recycler ring and bunched beam stochastic cooling at Brookhaven National Laboratory’s RHIC facility represent two recent major accomplishments. Novel ideas in the field will also be introduced.
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
The Fermilab Main Injector is a rapid-cycling synchrotron designed to produce high-flux, high-energy protons beams for fixed-target applications, including antiproton and neutrino production. The present Main Injector produced about 400 kW of 120 GeV protons, but proposed upgrades are designed to produce in excess of 2 MW. One instability of concern is the electron cloud. We have observed the formation of the electron cloud at the Main Injector. At presents intensities it produces no instabilities. We will present measurements made at the Main Injector, including: a threshold for cloud formation, bunch length dependence, conditioning with exposure. In addition, we will describe the evolving program for making measurements at the Main Injector, in anticipation of beam charge upgrades.