Paper | Title | Page |
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MOVTC05 | Measurements of the Electron Cloud Density in the PEP-II Low Energy Ring | 46 |
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Clouds of low energy electrons in the vacuum beam pipes of accelerators of positively charged particle beams present a serious limitation for operation of these machines at high currents. Because of the size of these accelerators, it is difficult to probe the low energy electron clouds over substantial lengths of the beam pipe. We have developed a novel technique to directly measure the electron cloud density via the phase shift induced in a TE wave which is independently excited and transmitted over a section of the accelerator. We infer the absolute phase shift with relatively high accuracy from the phase modulation of the transmission due to the modulation of the electron cloud density from a gap in the positively charged beam. We have used this technique for the first time to measure the average electron cloud density over a 50 m straight section in the positron ring of the PEP-II collider at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We have also measured the variation of the density by using low field solenoid magnets to control the electrons. |
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TUPTPF066 | Operational Limits of Wire Scanners on LHC Beam | 274 |
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Wire scanners are instruments to measure the transverse beam profile. The measurement is performed by moving a thin wire across the path of the particle beam while monitoring the secondary particles. One of the limiting factor in application of wire scanners for high-intensity beams is the wire resistance to high temperature. In this work a heat flow equation for a carbon wire passing through a particle beam is solved. The equation contains modeling of wire heating induced by electromagnetic field of the beam and by electronic energy loss of the protons passing through the wire. The cooling processes considered are conduction, radiation, thermionic emission and sublimation enthalpy. Due to the equation nonlinearity a numerical approach based on discretization of the wire movement is used. An estimation of the wire sublimation rate is made. The model is tested on SPS and LEP data. An other limitation of a wire scanner application is a superconducting environment. The energy deposition in the magnet coils of downstream superconducting LHC magnets is estimated using Geant4 simulation package. In conclusions the limits of Wire Scanner operation on LHC beams are drawn. |