KEK, Ibaraki
The beam extraction experiment using the strip-line kicker has been carried out at KEK-ATF. The specification of the International linear collider (ILC) is that the long bunch train (1320 - 5120 bunches), which has the bunch spacing of 189 - 480ns, is compressed to 3 or 6ns bunch spacing into the DR, and again decompressed from the DR. The kicker manipulates the changes of the bunch spacing. The kicker requires a fast rise/fall time (3 or 6ns) and a high repetition rate (3 or 6MHz). A multiple strip-line kicker system is the most promising candidate to realize the specification for the ILC*. The beam extraction experiment at KEK-ATF** using proto-type of the strip-line kicker was done by following parameters, up to 30 bunches of the multi-bunch in the DR, which has 5.6ns bunch spacing, are extracted bunch-by-bunch with 308ns interval to the extraction line. The stored multi-bunch was extracted successfully. The detail of the experiment and the result are reported.
* T. Naito et. al., Proc. of PAC07, pp2772-2274.
** T. Naito et. al., Proc. of EPAC08, pp601-603.
National Technical University of Athens, Zografou
CERN, Geneva
Due to the high bunch density, the output emittances of the CLIC Damping Rings (DR) are strongly dominated by the effect of Intrabeam Scattering (IBS). In an attempt to optimize the ring design and using classical IBS formalisms and approximations, the scaling of the extracted emittances and IBS growth rates is being studied, with respect to several ring parameters including energy, bunch charge, optics and wiggler characteristics. Results from the simulations using a multi-particle tracking code are also presented.
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
A new baseline parameter set has been proposed for the ILC with a reduction by a factor 2 in the number of bunches. This option will allow for a corresponding factor 2 decrease in the Damping Ring circumference, with significant cost savings. A low emittance lattice for a 3.2 km long damping ring has been designed, with the same racetrack layout of the present reference 6.4 km long lattice and similar straight sections. The technical work done for the longer ring can be easily applied to the shorter one. The lattice is based on an arc cell design adopted for the SuperB collider and allows some flexibility in tuning emittance and momentum compaction.
KEK, Ibaraki
A damping ring of positron beams is under consideration for the upgrade of KEKB (SuperKEKB) because low emittance of beams injected to the main rings is required by the SuperKEKB optics in the nano-beam scheme. We present the design of the RF accelerating structure, especially on the higher-order-mode (HOM) damped structure. This structure is based on the normal-conducting accelerating cavity system ARES, which has successful records of the long-term stable operations so far with low trip rates at KEKB. All the HOM absorbers are made of silicon carbide, bullet-shaped, and to be directly water cooled, so that the structure presented in this paper can be also a prototype for accelerating beams of the order of 10A in the SuperKEKB main ring in the high-current scheme.
IHEP Beijing, Beijing
In this paper, we made a new design for ILC 3.2 km damping ring with 2 arcs based on FODO cell and 2 straight sections which are nearly the same as the new version of the 6.4 km ring DCO4. This new lattice uses less dipoles and quadrupoles than the present SuperB like lattice and has an adequate aperture for the large injected emittance of the positron beam. The work of lattice design and DA optimization will be presented in detail.
CERN, Geneva
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
The CLIC damping rings should produce the ultra-low emittance necessary for the high luminosity performance of the collider. This combined to the high bunch charge present a number of beam dynamics and technical challenges for the rings. Lattice studies have been focused on low emittance cells with optics that reduce the effect Intra-beam scattering. The final beam emittance is reached with the help of super-conducting damping wigglers. Results from recent simulations and prototype measurements are presented, including a detailed absorption scheme design. Collective effects such as electron cloud and fast ion instability can severely limit the performance and mitigation techniques have been identified and tested. Tolerances for alignment and technical system design such as kickers, RF cavities, magnets and vacuum have been finally established.
CERN, Geneva
The CLIC 3 TeV nominal design requires very low emittance of the electron and positron beams to be reached in the damping rings. Due to low energy and to relatively high bunch charge and ultra-low emittance, Intra-Beam Scattering (IBS) effect is very strong and an accurate calculation is needed to check if the required emittance is effectively reached. For this reason it is being developed at CERN a new Software for IBS and Radiation Effects (SIRE), which simulates the evolution of the beam particle distribution in the damping rings, taking into account radiation damping, IBS and quantum excitation. In this paper we present the results of our simulations performed with SIRE on the current lattice of the CLIC damping rings.
PSI, Villigen
The application of various optics correction techniques at the SLS allows to reduce the vertical emittance to <3 pm.rad corresponding to an emittance coupling of <0.05 %. Beam sizes can be measured with a resolution of ~0.5 um allowing to resolve vertical beam sizes close to the quantum radiation limit of 0.55 pm.rad. The application of beam-based alignment/ calibration techniques on magnet girders (remotely controlled), quadrupoles and sextupoles can be used to center the beam in all relevant optical elements at a minimum expense of vertical dipole corrector strength. Furthermore a fast orbit feedback based on a high resolution digital BPM system allows to stabilize the closed orbit up to ~90 Hz and to perform precise orbit manipulations within this bandwidth. Furthermore the top-up operation mode guarantees very stable conditions for the various beam-based measurements. These conditions make the SLS an excellent "test-bed" for future damping ring optimization.
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
A vacuum vessel design of wiggler sections should meet a few challenging specification. The SR power of about 40 kW is generated in each wiggler. Expanding fan of SR radiation reaches the beam vacuum chamber walls in the following wiggler and may cause the following problem: massive power dissipation on vacuum chamber walls inside the cryogenic vessel, radiation damage of superconducting coil, high photo-electron production rate that cause an e-cloud build-up to unacceptable level. Therefore this power should be absorbed in the places where these effects are tolerable or manageable. A few possible solutions for tackling all SR related problems as well as vacuum design are discussed in the paper in details.
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
Ion induced pressure instability is a potential problem for the ILC positron damping ring (DR)if the chosen pumping scheme does not provide sufficient pumping. The ion induced pressure instability effect results from ionisation of residual gas molecules by the beam particles, their acceleration in the field of the beam towards the vacuum chamber walls, causing ion induced gas desorption from vacuum chamber walls; these gas molecules in their turn can also be ionised, accelerated and cause further gas desorption. If the pumping is insufficient, this effect may cause a pressure instability, in which the pressure in the beam chamber grows rapidly to an unacceptable level. To analyse the ion induced pressure instability in the ILC positron DR the energy gained by ions was calculated for the appropriate beam parameters; it was found that the energy gain of ions will be about 300 eV. The ion induced gas desorption was estimated, and pumping solutions to avoid the ion induced pressure instability are suggested. The cheapest and most efficient solution is to use NEG coated vacuum chamber.
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
A 374-m long wiggler section is a key part of ILC damping ring that should alloy reaching a low beam emittance for the ILC experiment. Synchrotron radiation generated by the beam in the wigglers should be absorbed by different components of vacuum vessel, including specially designed absorbers. The optimisation of the mechanical design, vacuum system and anti-e-cloud mitigation requires accurate calculation of the SR power distribution. The angular power distribution from a single wiggler was calculated with in-house developed software. Then the superposition of SR from all wigglers allows calculating power distribution for all components along the wiggler section and the downstream straight section.
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool
The longitudinal wake fields have been calculated by using 3D code, CST Particle Studio, for a number of different vacuum chamber components of the 6.4 km ILC damping ring design. Based on the results, studies of bunch lengthening and single-bunch instabilities have been carried out. Bunch lengthening from a particle tracking code are compared with results from numerical solution of the Haissinski equation. The tracking code is used to predict the threshold for single-bunch instabilities.
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
A new lattice design for the ILC damping ring has been developed since the beginning of 2008 as a lower cost alternative to the previous OCS6 design. The lattices for the electron and positron damping rings are identical, and are designed to provide an intense, 5 GeV beam with low emittance at extraction. The latest design, presented in this paper, provides sufficient dynamic aperture for the large positron beam at injection. The lattice also meets the engineering requirements for arrangement of the positron ring directly above the electron ring in the same tunnel, using common girders for the magnets in the two rings, but with the beams circulating in opposite directions.
SLAC, Menlo Park, California
LBNL, Berkeley, California
CLASSE, Ithaca, New York
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
ANL, Argonne
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
KEK, Ibaraki
CERN, Geneva
As part of the International Linear Collider (ILC) collaboration, we have compared the electron cloud effect for different Damping Ring designs respectively with 6.4 km and 3.2 km circumference and investigated the feasibility of a shorter damping ring with respect to the electron cloud build-up and related beam instability. These studies were carried out with beam parameters of the ILC Low Power option. A reduced damping ring circumference has been proposed for the new ILC baseline design and would allow to considerably reduce the number of components, wiggler magnets and costs. We also briefly discuss the plans for future studies including the luminosity upgrade option with shorter bunch spacing, the evaluation of mitigations and the integration of the CesrTA results into the Damping Ring design.