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Radionuclide diagnostics that allows most diseases to be diagnosed at an early stage has recently been in the focus of attention. The current concept of radionuclide diagnostics advancement takes into account Russian geographic and demographic features and supports the application of the home-made equipment. As a basis, the concept assumes the establishment of regional diagnostic centers at hospitals in each Russian Federal district. In each such a center, a cyclotron of the CC-18/9 model, modules for radiopharmaceuticals' synthesis, single-photon emission (SPECT) and positron (PET) scanners should be installed. The yield of radiopharmaceuticals' production will satisfy the needs of such a center and of up to 30-35 SPECT-"satellites" located in diagnostic departments at hospitals situated up to 1000 km from the center. In future, on the basis of these diagnostic departments, autonomous PET-centers can be established, each equipped with СС-12 cyclotrons, modules for radiopharmaceuticals' synthesis and with 3-4 PET scanners. Implementation of the Federal Targeted Program on the serial production of cyclotrons and SPECT-scanners will allow the examination of population to be increased within 5-6 years up to 1.0-1.2 million people per year.
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