CALCULATIONS OF THE BEAM TRANSMISSION AND QUALITY IN THE RIKEN AVF CYCLOTRON

S.B. Vorozhtsovª¹, A.S. Vorozhtsov¹, E.E. Perepelkin¹, S. Watanabe², S. Kubono², T. Mitsumoto³, A. Goto³

¹Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

²Center for Nuclear Study, Wako, Japan

³The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Japan

Abstract

The highly advanced plan of the RIKEN AVF cyclotron (Japan) is under way. The intensity of the ¹⁴N⁵⁺ ion beam more than 10 pμA is required to obtain a sufficient yield of secondary particles. The computer model of the AVF electromagnetic field has been prepared and successfully checked against the measurements. The focus of the present study is on the 2nd RF harmonic regime. The intermediate goal of the upgrade is improvement of the transmission efficiency and the beam quality of the regime. Measured Hyper ECR output emittances were 64 and 135 π∙mm∙mrad, from which the emittance of 100 π∙mm∙mrad was assumed for both transverse oscillations in the simulation. The detailed account of the transmission efficiency and incremental losses are given. The optimization of the starting beam parameters for the existing electrode structure was considered first. The goal is to obtain a sufficiently small axial angle at the exit from the inflector to decrease axial losses in the initial turns. To this end, a new regime was formulated. The ECRIS voltage and the dee voltage were decreased by 15% to 9 kV and 40 kV, respectively. The modification is needed to ensure the beam passage through the puller with the crossing of the 1st acceleration gap at the positive RF phase that gives the electrical focusing there. Accordingly, the buncher voltage should be changed to 125 V. As a result, the RF phase range of the bunched beam became ±12° and energy spread ±0.8keV with the tails of ~25% of the beam intensity. The magnetic field variation by ~50% of the maximal contribution of the 1st trim coil is needed to ensure acceleration at the top of the dee voltage. The RF frequency 16.2 MHz was assumed. The particle losses in the range from the inflector ground to the ESD mouth became ~35% instead of previous ~60%. The obtained regime was tested experimentally at the AVF cyclotron before proceeding to a more radical modification of the central region as the next step.

ª – corresponding author

Paper 

51

CBDA – CYCLOTRON BEAM DYNAMICS ANALYSIS CODE

E.E. Perepelkinª, S.B. Vorozhtsov

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

Abstract

A need for intense cyclotron beam requires to minimize the particle losses during injection, acceleration and extraction from the machine. More importance is given to the computational tools that are needed to optimise the design. The 3D CBDA program has been prepared for this purpose. The basic features of this code are: 1) The accelerated beam axial motion with analysis of the particle losses at the limiting aperture surfaces to estimate the transmission efficiency of the beam through cyclotron; 2) Very detailed 3D electrical and magnetic field maps generated and introduced into the code; 3) Simulation of the space charge dominated beam acceleration; taking into account Coulomb repulsion of particles in the beam by PIC (FFT) and PP methods; 4) Enhanced post-processing of the results by means of MathCAD and AutoCAD/SolidEdge software. Some efforts were undertaken to provide user friendliness of the code, including initial documentation and its menu driven operation. Several cross checks of the CBDA simulation results (fields and beam dynamics) compared with other studies have been successfully performed. A number of applications of the code simulate the functionality and design of various cyclotrons is given. They are: VINCY Cyclotron (Belgrade) [1]; 1.747 MeV, 5 mA, H^- Customs cyclotron [2]; RIKEN AVF cyclotron (Japan) [3] etc. The present status of the code allows to provide efficient and realistic beam dynamics analysis for the new cyclotron design and operational cyclotron upgrade.

ª – corresponding author

Paper 

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