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@InProceedings{ma:napac2019-tuplh19,
author = {H. Ma and J. Rose},
title = {{Upgrade and Operation Experience of Solid-State Switching Klystron Modulator in NSLS-II Linac}},
booktitle = {Proc. NAPAC'19},
pages = {519--521},
paper = {TUPLH19},
language = {english},
keywords = {klystron, linac, operation, high-voltage, injection},
venue = {Lansing, MI, USA},
series = {North American Particle Accelerator Conference},
number = {4},
publisher = {JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland},
month = {10},
year = {2019},
issn = {2673-7000},
isbn = {978-3-95450-223-3},
doi = {10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH19},
url = {http://jacow.org/napac2019/papers/tuplh19.pdf},
note = {https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-NAPAC2019-TUPLH19},
abstract = {The NSLS-II synchrotron light-source at BNL uses three S-band, 45MW klystrons in its injector LINAC. At the core of the klystron station design is the novel solid-state switching modulators (or SSM). Compared to the conventional PFN klystron modulators, the main advantages of the SSM include the compact size requiring a smaller footprint in the LINAC, and a very flat top in the produced klystron HV pulses. The flatness of the HV pulses is very important for NSLS-II LINAC that runs multi-bunch beams to keep the beam energy dispersion within the tolerance. The principle of the SSM is fairly simple. It uses a large number of relatively low-voltage switched charging capacitor cells (or SU’s) in parallel. A specially designed, high step-up ratio, pulse transformer in the oil-tank with the same number of primary windings (as SU’s) combines the power from all the SU’s, and steps up to the required ~300kV klystron beam voltage. The operation experience at NSLS-II has proven the performance and reliability of the SSM’s. The BNL Model K2 SSM’s are currently being upgraded to Model K300 to run more powerful, and more cost-effective Canon’s E37302A klystrons.},
}