CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
CNRS LPGP Univ Paris Sud, Orsay, France
LLR, Palaiseau, France
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
LAL, Orsay, France
Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal
INO-CNR, Pisa, Italy
IST-UTL, Lisbon, Portugal
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow, United Kingdom
ELI-BEAMS, Prague, Czech Republic
CNR/IPP, Pisa, Italy
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
LULI, Palaiseau, France
Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
LBNL, Berkeley, USA
CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Rome University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
INFN-Milano, Milano, Italy
IPFN, Lisbon, Portugal
JAI, London, United Kingdom
UniNa, Napoli, Italy
The EuPRAXIA project aims at designing the world’s first accelerator based on plasma-wakefield advanced technique, which can deliver a 5 GeV electron beam with simultaneously high charge, low emittance and low energy spread to user’s communities. Such challenging objectives can only have a chance to be achieved when particular efforts are dedicated to identify the subsequent issues and to find the way to solve them. Many injection/acceleration schemes and techniques have been explored by means of thorough simulations in more than ten European institutes to sort out the most appropriate ones. The specific issues of high charge, high beam quality and beam extraction then transfer to the user’s applications, have been tackled with many innovative approaches*. This article highlights the different advanced methods that have been employed by the EuPRAXIA collaboration and the preliminary results obtained. The needs in terms of laser and plasma parameters for such an accelerator are also summarized.
*- in 2017: Phys. Plasmas, 24,10,103120; Nat. Commun.8,15705; - in 2018: NIMA, 909,84-89; NIMA, 909,49-53; Phys. Rev.Acc. Beams, 21,111301; NIMA, 909,54-57; Phys. Rev.Acc. Beams, 21,052802; NIMA, 909,282-285
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
The plasma-wakefield acceleration technique is known to provide a very strong accelerating gradient (GV/m), up to three orders of magnitude higher than the conventional RF acceleration technique. The drawback is a relatively higher energy spread and especially a huge beam divergence at the plasma exit, leading to an irremediable and strong emittance degradation right after its extraction from the plasma for transferring it to an application or another plasma stage. In this article, we determine the criteria to be achieved so as to minimize this emittance growth after pointing out all the parameters involved in its mechanism. Then the plasma down ramp profile is studied in a typical configuration of the EuPRAXIA project at 5 GeV. It turns out that no specific profile is needed. For minimizing emittance growth at beam extraction, it is enough to optimize the ramp length so that the Twiss parameter γ is minimized. Finally the design of an optimal transfer line allows showing that the emittance growth can be contained to less than 10% in realistic conditions when transferring the beam to a free electron laser.
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
INFN-Napoli, Napoli, Italy
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
JIHT RAS, Moscow, Russia
MIPT, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
CNRS LPGP Univ Paris Sud, Orsay, France
INFN-Milano, Milano, Italy
Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary
USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow, United Kingdom
LLR, Palaiseau, France
LULI, Palaiseau, France
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
PhLAM/CERLA, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
INO-CNR, Pisa, Italy
HZDR, Dresden, Germany
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
INFN-Roma II, Roma, Italy
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
FBH, Berlin, Germany
ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
LAL, Orsay, France
IPFN, Lisbon, Portugal
UniNa, Napoli, Italy
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
INFN-Pisa, Pisa, Italy
CFEL, Hamburg, Germany
University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
ISIR, Osaka, Japan
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
IOQ, Jena, Germany
HIJ, Jena, Germany
JAEA/Kansai, Kyoto, Japan
LMU, Garching, Germany
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
ELI-BEAMS, Prague, Czech Republic
LOA, Palaiseau, France
Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
TUB, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Weizmann Institute of Science, Physics, Rehovot, Israel
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
INFN-Roma, Roma, Italy
Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
York University, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
Universita’ degli Studi di Milano & INFN, Milano, Italy
Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
Lund Institute of Technology (LTH), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Racah Institute of Physics, Jerusalem, Israel
The Horizon 2020 Project EuPRAXIA (European Plasma Research Accelerator with eXcellence In Applications) is producing a conceptual design report for a highly compact and cost-effective European facility with multi-GeV electron beams accelerated using plasmas. EuPRAXIA will be set up as a distributed Open Innovation platform with two construction sites, one with a focus on beam-driven plasma acceleration (PWFA) and another site with a focus on laser-driven plasma acceleration (LWFA). User areas at both sites will provide access to FEL pilot experiments, positron generation and acceleration, compact radiation sources, and test beams for HEP detector development. Support centres in four different countries will complement the pan-European implementation of this infrastructure.