IPAC2016 - Classification: 07 Accelerator Technology / T16 Pulsed Power Technology

Paper	Title	Page
MOOCA03	Thyratron Replacement	45
	I. Roth, M.P.J. Gaudreau, M.K. Kempkes Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
	Funding: Work supported by DOE under contract DE-SC0011292 Semiconductor thyristors have long been used as a replacement for thyratrons in low power or long pulse RF systems. To date, however, such thyristor assemblies have not demonstrated the reliability needed for installation in short pulse, high peak power RF stations used with many pulsed electron accelerators. The fast rising current in a thyristor tends to be carried in a small region, rather than across the whole device, and this localized current concentration can cause a short circuit failure. An alternate solid-state device, the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), can readily operate at the speed needed for the accelerator, but commercial IGBTs cannot handle the voltage and current required. It is, however, possible to assemble these devices in arrays to reach the required performance levels without sacrificing their inherent speed. Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) has patented and refined the technology required to build these arrays of series-parallel connected switches. DTI is currently developing an affordable, reliable, form-fit-function replacement for the klystron modulator thyratrons at SLAC capable of pulsing at 360 kV, 420 A, 6 μs, and 120 Hz.
	Slides MOOCA03 [2.636 MB]
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THOBB01	PAL-XFEL Linac RF System	3192
	H.-S. Lee, H. Heo, J. Hu, H.-S. Kang, K.W. Kim, K.H. Kim, S.H. Kim, I.S. Ko, S.S. Park, Y.J. Park PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea H. Matsumoto KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
	The PAL-XFEL hard X-ray linac has a 716 m long gallery and tunnel for 10 GeV. Forty nine modulators are necessary in the hard X-ray gallery for an X-band linearizer, an S-band RF gun, two S-band deflectors and 45 S-band klystrons for accelerating structures. They have been installed completely from March 15, 2015 to December 30, 2015 after completing the building construction. There are 51 modulators, 178 accelerators structures, 42 SLEDs in the hard X-ray linac and the soft X-ray linac. The RF conditioning of the klystrons, SLEDs and accelerating structures were stated from November 24, 2015. We describe the PAL-XFEL system and the current status of the linac RF system.
	Slides THOBB01 [22.023 MB]
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THPMW019	Concept and Design of the Injection Kicker System for the FAIR SIS100 Synchrotron	3582
	I.J. Petzenhauser, U. Blell, P.J. Spiller GSI, Darmstadt, Germany L.O. Baandrup, H. Bach, N. Hauge, K.F. Laurberg Danfysik A/S, Taastrup, Denmark G. Blokesch, M. Osemann Ampegon PPT GmbH, Dortmund, Germany
	The SIS100 synchrotron at GSI, Germany is designed for acceleration of protons and ions. For the injection into the synchrotron a kicker magnet system, which consists of 6 ferrite kicker magnet modules, installed in one vacuum tank with a required vacuum quality better than 10-9 Pa, will be needed. The magnetic field should be 118 mT in a 65 mm gap. These kicker magnet modules will be supplied with 6 separate pulser circuits. Each pulser has to produce a pulse current of up to 7 kA at a PFL (pulse forming line) voltage of 80kV at an impedance of 5.7 Ohm. The rise time has to be 130 ns and the variable pulse length is between 0.5 to 2.0 μs. The design concept for this kicker system from Ampegon PPT and DANFYSIK and the specific challenges will be described.
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THPMW020	Solid-state Compact Kicker Pulsar using Strip-line Type Blumlein with SIC-MOSFET in Spring-8	3585
	C. Mitsuda, T. Honiden, K. Kobayashi, T. Kobayashi, S. Sasaki JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan N. Sekine Sekine Electric Works Co. Ltd, Osaka, Japan
	In the case of handling the electron beam by bunch-by-bunch and turn-by-turn with a kicker at the SPring-8, the performances required to a pulsar are short pulse width (<40ns) and high repetitions (>208kHz). In order to achieve these specifications, the short pulsed high voltage output and the utilization of the solid-state switch is necessary for an inductance load. In order to suppress the supplied voltage as low as as possible, it is an important feature to realize the extremely small-sized pulsar to be set near the kicker. On the basis of the experiences in developing the solid-state pulsar of 400ns/2kV using Si-MOSFET, combination of the SiC-MOSFET and the strip-line type Blumlein pulse forming network (BPFN) was applied to the prototype driver to achieve a shorter pulse and higher power than Si-type driver. The completed pulsar accomplished a compact size (external dimensions; 300(H)x400(W)x400(D)mm). Furthermore, the targeted short-pulsed high voltage output of 123ns/12kV was obtained by 6 BPFNs serial connection to the load inductance of 800 nH. The BPFN detailed design to enable the compact size, high reliability and stability at high repetitions will be reported. C.Mitsuda et al., Proc. of IPAC2013, MOPAWA003
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THPMW021	Performance of a Compensation Kicker Magnet for J-PARC Main Ring	3588
	T. Sugimoto, K. Ishii, H. Matsumoto, T. Shibata KEK, Ibaraki, Japan K. Fan HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
	Four lumped-type kicker magnets have been equipped in the J-PARC MR (Main Ring) to inject 8 proton bunches. To increase beam power, the bunch length will be increased up to 350 ns that will restricts the rise time of the injection kicker to be less than 250 ns. We have already developed a method to improve the rising time to 200 ns. However, two reflection pulses are appeared at the waveform tail, which will kick the circulating bunches and induce coherent oscillation leading to beam loss. To compensate reflection pulses, we decide to install two new lumped-type kicker magnets, which are excited independently making operation flexible. A ceramic vacuum duct with TiN coating is inserted in the compensation kickers. Magnetic field measurement and coupling impedance measurement have been carried. In this paper, the results of both these measurements and performance study using proton beam will be discussed. T.Sugimot et.al, "Upgrade of the Injection Kicker System for J-PARC Main Ring", MOPME069, IPAC14, Dresden, Germany, 2014.
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THPMW022	The RF Design of a Compact, High Power Pulse Compressor with a Flat Output Pulse	3591
SUPSS105	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	P. Wang, H.B. Chen, J. Shi TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China I. Syratchev, W. Wuensch, H. Zha CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	An X-band, high-power pulse compressor, which can produce a flat pulse and a power gain of 4.3, has been designed. The device is compact, with the dimensions of within 1m, and is designed for CLIC first energy stage based on klystrons. We also discuss about a two stage pulse compressor with power gain of 9.18, which may be a candidate of the X-FEL using CLIC X-band linacs and klystrons with low peak power.
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THPMW023	Simulation of an Accelerator Pulse Power Supply with an Active Rectifier Using SIMPLORER	3594
SUPSS106	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	F.J. Wu, D.Q. Gao, M. Li IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	In this paper, a simulation model of an accelerator pulse power supply with an active rectifier (voltage-type SVPWM rectifier) was set up based on the C-Model function in SIMPLORER 8.1, which is a simulation software belonging to the ANSOFT corporation. We introduce a SVPWM rectifier into an accelerator pulse power supply to solve its problems such as low input power factor, a large number of AC current harmonics and instable DC bus voltage due to the diode or thyristor rectifier used in it now. Components of control strategies developed in C language were built up and inserted into the simulation project. The simulation results indicate that an accelerator pulse power supply with a SVPWM rectifier can solve the problems above well. For all the control strategies were developed in C language, they can be transplanted into the digital signal processor (DSP) nearly without change for the prototype controlling. So it provides a basis for development of the experimental prototype.
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THPMW024	Phase Tuning Results of the Waveguide Network System at Pal	3597
	K.H. Kim, S.H. Kim, H.-S. Lee, S.S. Park, Y.J. Park PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea
	We report the results of the phase tuning of the waveguide network system with the C-clamp tool and the resonance frequency tuning for the SLAC energy doubler. The high power waveguide network which dividing and feeding the power to the four accelerating structures. The phase length is adjusted within ± 0.25 degrees with a transmission phase measuring method. The resonant frequency range for the SLAC energy doubler is 2856 MHz ± 5 kHz, but a target range is 2856 MHz ± 1 kHz. We measured the phase length and an amplitude with a vector network analyser. The test setup consists of a SLED, a waveguide network, directional couplers, phase stable cables. All components of the waveguide networks were manufactured at VITZRO TECH and tested at the accelerator tunnel in the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL).
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THPMW027	Development of a Long Pulse High Power Klystron Modulator for the ESS Linac based on the Stacked Multi-level Topology	3600
	C.A. Martins ESS, Lund, Sweden M. Collins, A. Reinap Lund Technical University, Lund, Sweden
	A novel Stacked Multi-Level modulator topology optimized for long pulse and high average power applications has been developed at ESS. It utilizes six identical modules connected in series at the HV output side and fed in parallel from the low voltage side. Each one is formed by one HF inverter, one step-up transformer, one HV rectifier bridge and one HV passive filter. They are supplied in groups of two from three capacitor banks which in turn will be charged from the low voltage electrical grid by using three groups of active AC/DC and DC/DC converters. Industrial standard power electronic components are used at the primary stage, which are placed in conventional electrical cabinets. Only few special components (transformers, rectifiers, filters) are required to be placed in an oil tank. A technology demonstrator rated for 115kV/20A and 3.5ms/14Hz is at the final phase of construction. The main power conversion circuit and regulation principles will be described and details on the design and construction of the main sub-systems will be given. Simulation and experimental results will be given showing the achieved performance in terms of HV pulse quality and AC grid power quality
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THPMW028	High Voltage Performance of Surface Coatings on Alumina Insulators	3603
	A. Adraktas, M.J. Barnes, H.A. Day, L. Ducimetière CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Alumina insulators and dielectrics are required for a variety of applications in particle accelerators. Their use in high voltage devices, both pulsed and DC, is well established as both insulation and mechanical support. In accelerator equipment the alumina is usually used in ultra-high vacuum and hence charge accumulation can be an issue, especially when the alumina is near to the beam. To address challenges regarding surface flashover and high secondary electron yield in high intensity accelerators, surface treatments and coatings are being considered. This paper presents predictions of the influence of surface coatings, on alumina insulators, upon electric field.
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THPMW029	Feasibility Study of the Fast SPS Ion Injection Kicker System	3607
	A. Ferrero Colomo, P. Burkel, D. Comte, L. Ducimetière, T. Kramer, V. Senaj, L. Sermeus, F.M. Velotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	As part of the upgrade project for ions the rise time of the injection kicker system into the SPS needs to be improved. The changes being studied include the addition of a fast Pulse Forming Line parallel to the existing Pulse Forming Network for the fast kicker magnets MKP-S. With the PFL an improved magnetic field rise time of 100 ns is targeted. Two different configuration utilizing a 2nd thyratron or two fast diode stacks have been outlined in the past. This paper presents the recent progress on the analogue circuit simulations for both options as well as measurements carried out on a test system. Modelling, optimization and simulation of the entire system with diodes and a second configuration with two thyratron switches are outlined. Measurement results are given and the feasibility of the upgrade is discussed.
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THPMW030	Studies of Impedance-related Improvements of the SPS Injection Kicker System	3611
	M.J. Barnes, A. Adraktas, M.S. Beck, G. Bregliozzi, H.A. Day, L. Ducimetière, J.A. Ferreira Somoza, B. Goddard, T. Kramer, C. Pasquino, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, L. Sermeus, J.A. Uythoven, L. Vega Cid, W.J.M. Weterings, C. Zannini CERN, Geneva, Switzerland F.M. Velotti EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	The injection kicker system for the SPS consists of sixteen magnets housed in a total of four vacuum tanks. The kicker magnets in one tank have recently limited operation of the SPS with high-intensity beam: this is due to both beam induced heating in the ferrite yoke of the kicker magnets and abnormally high pressure in the vacuum tank. Furthermore, operation with the higher intensity beams needed in the future for HL-LHC is expected to exacerbate these problems. Hence studies of the longitudinal beam coupling impedance of the kicker magnets have been carried out to investigate effective methods to shield the ferrite yoke from the circulating beam. The shielding must not compromise the field quality or high voltage behaviour of the kicker magnets and should not significantly reduce the beam aperture: results of these studies, together with measurements, are presented. In addition results of tests to identify the causes of abnormal outgassing are presented.
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THPMW031	Current and Future Beam Thermal Behaviour of the LHC Injection Kicker Magnet	3615
	H.A. Day, M.J. Barnes, L. Ducimetière, L. Vega Cid, W.J.M. Weterings CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	During Run 1 of the LHC the injection kicker magnets caused occasional operational delays due to beam induced heating with high bunch intensity and short bunch lengths. Significant upgrades were carried out to the injection kicker magnets during long shutdown 1, including a new design of beam screen to reduce the beam induced heating. Nevertheless these kicker magnets may limit the performance of HL-LHC unless additional, mitigating, measures are taken. Hence extensive simulations have been carried out to predict the distribution of the beam induced power deposition within the magnet and detailed thermal analyses carried out to predict the temperature profiles. To benchmark the simulations the predicted temperatures are compared with observables in the LHC. This paper reports on observations of the thermal behaviour of the magnet during run 2 of the LHC, with 25ns beam. In addition the measurement data is used to extrapolate temperature rise for the beam parameters expected for high-luminosity LHC.
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THPMW032	Measurements on Magnetic Cores for Inductive Adders with Ultra-Flat Output Pulses for CLIC DR Kickers	3619
	J. Holma, M.J. Barnes, L. Ducimetière CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The CLIC study is investigating the technical feasibility of an electron-positron collider with high luminosity and a nominal centre-of-mass energy of 3 TeV. The CLIC pre-damping rings and damping rings (DRs) will produce ultra-low emittance beam with high bunch charge. To avoid beam emittance increase, the DR kicker systems must provide extremely flat, high-voltage, pulses. The specifications for the DR extraction kickers call for 160 ns duration flattop pulses of ±12.5 kV, with a combined ripple and droop of not more than ±0.02 % (±2.5 V). An inductive adder is a very promising approach to meet the specifications. Two five layer, 3.5 kV, prototype inductive adders have been built at CERN, and used to test passive and active analogue modulation methods to compensate droop and ripple of the output pulses. Recently, magnetic core materials and full-scale magnetic cores have been evaluated for the 12.5 kV prototype inductive adders. These results are presented in this paper and conclusions are drawn concerning the design of the full-scale prototypes.
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THPMW033	Operational Experience of the Upgraded LHC Injection Kicker Magnets	3623
	M.J. Barnes, A. Adraktas, G. Bregliozzi, S. Calatroni, H.A. Day, L. Ducimetière, B. Goddard, V. Gomes Namora, V. Mertens, B. Salvant, J.A. Uythoven, L. Vega Cid, W.J.M. Weterings, C. Yin Vallgren CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	During Run 1 of the LHC the injection kicker magnets caused occasional operational delays due to beam induced heating with high bunch intensity and short bunch lengths. In addition, sometimes there were also sporadic issues with microscopic unidentified falling objects, vacuum activity and electrical flashover of the injection kickers. An extensive program of studies was launched and significant upgrades were carried out during long shutdown 1. These upgrades include a new design of a beam screen to both reduce the beam coupling impedance of the kicker magnet, and to significantly reduce the electric field associated with the screen conductors, hence decreasing the probability of electrical breakdown in this region. In addition new cleaning procedures were implemented and equipment adjacent to the injection kickers and various vacuum components were modified. This paper presents operational experience of the injection kicker magnets during Run 2 of the LHC and assesses the effectiveness of the various upgrades.
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THPMW037	Pulsed Power Systems for ESS Klystrons	3634
	I. Roth, M.P.J. Gaudreau, M.K. Kempkes Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA J. Domenge Sigma Phi Electronics, Wissembourg, France J.L. Lancelot Sigmaphi, Vannes, France
	Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) is building three long pulse solid-state klystron transmitters to meet spallation source requirements. Two of the three will be installed at CEA Saclay and the National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (IN2P3) in 2015, to be used as test stands for the European Spallation Source (ESS), The third system will be installed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS).
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THPMW038	Prototyping of the ALS-U Fast Kickers	3637
	G.C. Pappas, S. De Santis, J.-Y. Jung, T.H. Luo, C. Steier, C.A. Swenson, W.L. Waldron LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Prototyping of major components for the ALS-U kickers is in progress. A tapered stripline kicker has been built for installation and testing in the ALS, and multiple modulator options to meet the fast rise time required for swap out injection have been considered. High voltage feedthroughs that are matched into the multi GHz range are also being studied. * Pappas et al., "Fast Kicker Systems for ALS-U", Proc. of IPAC'14, Dresden, Germany, MOPME083.
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THPMW040	Multipactor Discharge in a Resonator as an Active Switch for RF Pulse Compression	3640
	J.Q. Qiu, S.P. Antipov, C.-J. Jing, A. Kanareykin Euclid Beamlabs LLC, Bolingbrook, USA E.V. Ilyakov, I.S. Kulagin, S.V. Kuzikov, A.A. Vikharev IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
	Funding: Phase I DOE SBIR Pulse compression is a method of increasing the peak power of the microwave pulse at the expense of its length. Over the years a number of pulse compressors had been demonstrated with some being bulky but efficient, like the binary pulse compressor and other being compact but less efficient, like SLED-II. An active pulse compressor had been proposed to increase the efficiency and compression ratio which relies on a high power active switch. Currently there are no practical switches that can work reliably with 100 s of megawatts of power. Most of the switches (ferroelectric, plasma-based, semiconductor) are limited by the breakdown strength of various dielectric inserts. In this paper we report on an active switch development which is based on a pure copper resonator and controlled by a single-side multipactor discharge at a metallic wall in the presence of a resonant DC magnetic field and a normal to metal rf field. The discharge is ignited by external rf power produced by inexpensive 2.45 GHz, 1-5 kW magnetrons.
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THPMW042	Overview of Driver Technologies for Nanosecond TEM Kickers	3645
	A.K. Krasnykh SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported in part by US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 and in part by US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 Overview of modern methods, circuits, and practical realizations for multi MW peak power pulsers will be presented. All used pulser components are manufactured by the US national industry and they are available for design and pulser fabrication. Two concepts will be discussed: (1) an approach is based on assistance of a nonlinear transmission line with ferromagnetic media and (2) an approach is based on assistance of special diodes which are working in a specific mode of operation. In both approaches the nonlinear characteristic of switching media (ferromagnetic and solid state plasma) are employed in final stage of the pulser to form the multi MW level nanosecond pulses.
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THPMW043	Observation of Beam-induced Abort Kicker Ferrite Heating in RHIC	3648
	C. Montag, L. Ahrens, K.A. Drees, H. Hahn, J.-L. Mi, C. Pai, J. Sandberg, T.C. Shrey, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, W. Zhang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. During the FY 2013 RHIC polarized proton run, deterioration of the abort kicker system was observed. The reduced kicks resulted in quenching the superconducting quadrupole Q4 downstream of the beam dump. Frequent re-tuning of the modulator wave form temporarily mitigated the effect, which worsened during the course of the run. Beam-induced heating of the kicker ferrites was evenutally identified as the root cause of this behavior. We report our observations and discuss modifications to the kickers.
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THPOR049	Considerations for the Injection and Extraction Kicker Systems of a 100 TeV Centre-of-Mass FCC-hh Collider	3901
	T. Kramer, M.J. Barnes, W. Bartmann, F. Burkart, L. Ducimetière, B. Goddard, V. Senaj, T. Stadlbauer, D.G. Woog CERN, Geneva, Switzerland D. Barna Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary
	A 100 TeV center-of-mass energy frontier proton collider in a new tunnel of ~100 km circumference is a central part of CERN's Future Circular Colliders (FCC) design study. One of the major challenges for such a machine will be the beam injection and extraction. This paper outlines the recent developments on the injection and extraction kicker system concepts. For injection the system requirements and progress on a new inductive adder design will be presented together with first considerations on the injection kicker magnets. The extraction kicker system comprises the extraction kickers itself as well as the beam dilution kickers, both of which will be part of the FCC beam dump system and will have to reliably abort proton beams with stored energies in the range of 8 Gigajoule. First concepts for the beam dump kicker magnet and generator as well as for the dilution kicker system are described and its feasibility for an abort gap in the 1 μs range is discussed. The potential implications on the overall machine and other key subsystems are outlined, including requirements on (and from) dilution patterns, interlocking, beam intercepting devices and insertion design.
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THPOW050	Upgrade of Septum Magnets of the Transfer Line in TPS	4057
	C.S. Yang, C.-H. Chang, Y.L. Chu, J.C. Huang, C.-S. Hwang, J.C. Jan, F.-Y. Lin NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is a 3-GeV light source. The full current of the storage beam and commissioning of insertion devices are still in progress. An improved injection between the booster ring (BR) and the storage ring (SR) was implemented to increase the efficiency of injection and the reliability of the electrical parts. A DC septum (length 0.8 m) was replaced with an AC septum (length 1 m, type C) to decrease the leakage field and to relax the loading of the power supply. Mapping the field with mu-metal shielding was also implemented to diminish the leakage field from the AC septum. The lattice of the transfer line between the booster ring and the storage ring, BTS, was also rearranged to meet the new injection requirements. The performance of the AC septum with mu-metal shielding and the upgrade of the BTS lattice are discussed in this paper.
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Paper

Title

Page

Thyratron Replacement

45

I. Roth, M.P.J. Gaudreau, M.K. Kempkes
Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA

Funding: Work supported by DOE under contract DE-SC0011292
Semiconductor thyristors have long been used as a replacement for thyratrons in low power or long pulse RF systems. To date, however, such thyristor assemblies have not demonstrated the reliability needed for installation in short pulse, high peak power RF stations used with many pulsed electron accelerators. The fast rising current in a thyristor tends to be carried in a small region, rather than across the whole device, and this localized current concentration can cause a short circuit failure. An alternate solid-state device, the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), can readily operate at the speed needed for the accelerator, but commercial IGBTs cannot handle the voltage and current required. It is, however, possible to assemble these devices in arrays to reach the required performance levels without sacrificing their inherent speed. Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) has patented and refined the technology required to build these arrays of series-parallel connected switches. DTI is currently developing an affordable, reliable, form-fit-function replacement for the klystron modulator thyratrons at SLAC capable of pulsing at 360 kV, 420 A, 6 μs, and 120 Hz.

Slides MOOCA03 [2.636 MB]

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THOBB01

PAL-XFEL Linac RF System

3192

H.-S. Lee, H. Heo, J. Hu, H.-S. Kang, K.W. Kim, K.H. Kim, S.H. Kim, I.S. Ko, S.S. Park, Y.J. Park
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
H. Matsumoto
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

The PAL-XFEL hard X-ray linac has a 716 m long gallery and tunnel for 10 GeV. Forty nine modulators are necessary in the hard X-ray gallery for an X-band linearizer, an S-band RF gun, two S-band deflectors and 45 S-band klystrons for accelerating structures. They have been installed completely from March 15, 2015 to December 30, 2015 after completing the building construction. There are 51 modulators, 178 accelerators structures, 42 SLEDs in the hard X-ray linac and the soft X-ray linac. The RF conditioning of the klystrons, SLEDs and accelerating structures were stated from November 24, 2015. We describe the PAL-XFEL system and the current status of the linac RF system.

Slides THOBB01 [22.023 MB]

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THPMW019

Concept and Design of the Injection Kicker System for the FAIR SIS100 Synchrotron

3582

I.J. Petzenhauser, U. Blell, P.J. Spiller
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
L.O. Baandrup, H. Bach, N. Hauge, K.F. Laurberg
Danfysik A/S, Taastrup, Denmark
G. Blokesch, M. Osemann
Ampegon PPT GmbH, Dortmund, Germany

The SIS100 synchrotron at GSI, Germany is designed for acceleration of protons and ions. For the injection into the synchrotron a kicker magnet system, which consists of 6 ferrite kicker magnet modules, installed in one vacuum tank with a required vacuum quality better than 10-9 Pa, will be needed. The magnetic field should be 118 mT in a 65 mm gap. These kicker magnet modules will be supplied with 6 separate pulser circuits. Each pulser has to produce a pulse current of up to 7 kA at a PFL (pulse forming line) voltage of 80kV at an impedance of 5.7 Ohm. The rise time has to be 130 ns and the variable pulse length is between 0.5 to 2.0 μs. The design concept for this kicker system from Ampegon PPT and DANFYSIK and the specific challenges will be described.

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THPMW020

Solid-state Compact Kicker Pulsar using Strip-line Type Blumlein with SIC-MOSFET in Spring-8

3585

C. Mitsuda, T. Honiden, K. Kobayashi, T. Kobayashi, S. Sasaki
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan
N. Sekine
Sekine Electric Works Co. Ltd, Osaka, Japan

In the case of handling the electron beam by bunch-by-bunch and turn-by-turn with a kicker at the SPring-8, the performances required to a pulsar are short pulse width (<40ns) and high repetitions (>208kHz). In order to achieve these specifications, the short pulsed high voltage output and the utilization of the solid-state switch is necessary for an inductance load. In order to suppress the supplied voltage as low as as possible, it is an important feature to realize the extremely small-sized pulsar to be set near the kicker. On the basis of the experiences in developing the solid-state pulsar of 400ns/2kV using Si-MOSFET*, combination of the SiC-MOSFET and the strip-line type Blumlein pulse forming network (BPFN) was applied to the prototype driver to achieve a shorter pulse and higher power than Si-type driver. The completed pulsar accomplished a compact size (external dimensions; 300(H)x400(W)x400(D)mm). Furthermore, the targeted short-pulsed high voltage output of 123ns/12kV was obtained by 6 BPFNs serial connection to the load inductance of 800 nH. The BPFN detailed design to enable the compact size, high reliability and stability at high repetitions will be reported.
* C.Mitsuda et al., Proc. of IPAC2013, MOPAWA003

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THPMW021

Performance of a Compensation Kicker Magnet for J-PARC Main Ring

3588

T. Sugimoto, K. Ishii, H. Matsumoto, T. Shibata
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Fan
HUST, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

Four lumped-type kicker magnets have been equipped in the J-PARC MR (Main Ring) to inject 8 proton bunches. To increase beam power, the bunch length will be increased up to 350 ns that will restricts the rise time of the injection kicker to be less than 250 ns. We have already developed a method to improve the rising time to 200 ns*. However, two reflection pulses are appeared at the waveform tail, which will kick the circulating bunches and induce coherent oscillation leading to beam loss. To compensate reflection pulses, we decide to install two new lumped-type kicker magnets, which are excited independently making operation flexible. A ceramic vacuum duct with TiN coating is inserted in the compensation kickers. Magnetic field measurement and coupling impedance measurement have been carried. In this paper, the results of both these measurements and performance study using proton beam will be discussed.
* T.Sugimot et.al, "Upgrade of the Injection Kicker System for J-PARC Main Ring", MOPME069, IPAC14, Dresden, Germany, 2014.

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THPMW022

The RF Design of a Compact, High Power Pulse Compressor with a Flat Output Pulse

3591

SUPSS105

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

P. Wang, H.B. Chen, J. Shi
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
I. Syratchev, W. Wuensch, H. Zha
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

An X-band, high-power pulse compressor, which can produce a flat pulse and a power gain of 4.3, has been designed. The device is compact, with the dimensions of within 1m, and is designed for CLIC first energy stage based on klystrons. We also discuss about a two stage pulse compressor with power gain of 9.18, which may be a candidate of the X-FEL using CLIC X-band linacs and klystrons with low peak power.

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THPMW023

Simulation of an Accelerator Pulse Power Supply with an Active Rectifier Using SIMPLORER

3594

SUPSS106

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

F.J. Wu, D.Q. Gao, M. Li
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

In this paper, a simulation model of an accelerator pulse power supply with an active rectifier (voltage-type SVPWM rectifier) was set up based on the C-Model function in SIMPLORER 8.1, which is a simulation software belonging to the ANSOFT corporation. We introduce a SVPWM rectifier into an accelerator pulse power supply to solve its problems such as low input power factor, a large number of AC current harmonics and instable DC bus voltage due to the diode or thyristor rectifier used in it now. Components of control strategies developed in C language were built up and inserted into the simulation project. The simulation results indicate that an accelerator pulse power supply with a SVPWM rectifier can solve the problems above well. For all the control strategies were developed in C language, they can be transplanted into the digital signal processor (DSP) nearly without change for the prototype controlling. So it provides a basis for development of the experimental prototype.

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THPMW024

Phase Tuning Results of the Waveguide Network System at Pal

3597

K.H. Kim, S.H. Kim, H.-S. Lee, S.S. Park, Y.J. Park
PAL, Pohang, Republic of Korea

We report the results of the phase tuning of the waveguide network system with the C-clamp tool and the resonance frequency tuning for the SLAC energy doubler. The high power waveguide network which dividing and feeding the power to the four accelerating structures. The phase length is adjusted within ± 0.25 degrees with a transmission phase measuring method. The resonant frequency range for the SLAC energy doubler is 2856 MHz ± 5 kHz, but a target range is 2856 MHz ± 1 kHz. We measured the phase length and an amplitude with a vector network analyser. The test setup consists of a SLED, a waveguide network, directional couplers, phase stable cables. All components of the waveguide networks were manufactured at VITZRO TECH and tested at the accelerator tunnel in the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL).

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THPMW027

Development of a Long Pulse High Power Klystron Modulator for the ESS Linac based on the Stacked Multi-level Topology

3600

C.A. Martins
ESS, Lund, Sweden
M. Collins, A. Reinap
Lund Technical University, Lund, Sweden

A novel Stacked Multi-Level modulator topology optimized for long pulse and high average power applications has been developed at ESS. It utilizes six identical modules connected in series at the HV output side and fed in parallel from the low voltage side. Each one is formed by one HF inverter, one step-up transformer, one HV rectifier bridge and one HV passive filter. They are supplied in groups of two from three capacitor banks which in turn will be charged from the low voltage electrical grid by using three groups of active AC/DC and DC/DC converters. Industrial standard power electronic components are used at the primary stage, which are placed in conventional electrical cabinets. Only few special components (transformers, rectifiers, filters) are required to be placed in an oil tank. A technology demonstrator rated for 115kV/20A and 3.5ms/14Hz is at the final phase of construction. The main power conversion circuit and regulation principles will be described and details on the design and construction of the main sub-systems will be given. Simulation and experimental results will be given showing the achieved performance in terms of HV pulse quality and AC grid power quality

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THPMW028

High Voltage Performance of Surface Coatings on Alumina Insulators

3603

A. Adraktas, M.J. Barnes, H.A. Day, L. Ducimetière
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Alumina insulators and dielectrics are required for a variety of applications in particle accelerators. Their use in high voltage devices, both pulsed and DC, is well established as both insulation and mechanical support. In accelerator equipment the alumina is usually used in ultra-high vacuum and hence charge accumulation can be an issue, especially when the alumina is near to the beam. To address challenges regarding surface flashover and high secondary electron yield in high intensity accelerators, surface treatments and coatings are being considered. This paper presents predictions of the influence of surface coatings, on alumina insulators, upon electric field.

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THPMW029

Feasibility Study of the Fast SPS Ion Injection Kicker System

3607

A. Ferrero Colomo, P. Burkel, D. Comte, L. Ducimetière, T. Kramer, V. Senaj, L. Sermeus, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

As part of the upgrade project for ions the rise time of the injection kicker system into the SPS needs to be improved. The changes being studied include the addition of a fast Pulse Forming Line parallel to the existing Pulse Forming Network for the fast kicker magnets MKP-S. With the PFL an improved magnetic field rise time of 100 ns is targeted. Two different configuration utilizing a 2nd thyratron or two fast diode stacks have been outlined in the past. This paper presents the recent progress on the analogue circuit simulations for both options as well as measurements carried out on a test system. Modelling, optimization and simulation of the entire system with diodes and a second configuration with two thyratron switches are outlined. Measurement results are given and the feasibility of the upgrade is discussed.

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THPMW030

Studies of Impedance-related Improvements of the SPS Injection Kicker System

3611

M.J. Barnes, A. Adraktas, M.S. Beck, G. Bregliozzi, H.A. Day, L. Ducimetière, J.A. Ferreira Somoza, B. Goddard, T. Kramer, C. Pasquino, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, L. Sermeus, J.A. Uythoven, L. Vega Cid, W.J.M. Weterings, C. Zannini
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
F.M. Velotti
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

The injection kicker system for the SPS consists of sixteen magnets housed in a total of four vacuum tanks. The kicker magnets in one tank have recently limited operation of the SPS with high-intensity beam: this is due to both beam induced heating in the ferrite yoke of the kicker magnets and abnormally high pressure in the vacuum tank. Furthermore, operation with the higher intensity beams needed in the future for HL-LHC is expected to exacerbate these problems. Hence studies of the longitudinal beam coupling impedance of the kicker magnets have been carried out to investigate effective methods to shield the ferrite yoke from the circulating beam. The shielding must not compromise the field quality or high voltage behaviour of the kicker magnets and should not significantly reduce the beam aperture: results of these studies, together with measurements, are presented. In addition results of tests to identify the causes of abnormal outgassing are presented.

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THPMW031

Current and Future Beam Thermal Behaviour of the LHC Injection Kicker Magnet

3615

H.A. Day, M.J. Barnes, L. Ducimetière, L. Vega Cid, W.J.M. Weterings
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During Run 1 of the LHC the injection kicker magnets caused occasional operational delays due to beam induced heating with high bunch intensity and short bunch lengths. Significant upgrades were carried out to the injection kicker magnets during long shutdown 1, including a new design of beam screen to reduce the beam induced heating. Nevertheless these kicker magnets may limit the performance of HL-LHC unless additional, mitigating, measures are taken. Hence extensive simulations have been carried out to predict the distribution of the beam induced power deposition within the magnet and detailed thermal analyses carried out to predict the temperature profiles. To benchmark the simulations the predicted temperatures are compared with observables in the LHC. This paper reports on observations of the thermal behaviour of the magnet during run 2 of the LHC, with 25ns beam. In addition the measurement data is used to extrapolate temperature rise for the beam parameters expected for high-luminosity LHC.

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THPMW032

Measurements on Magnetic Cores for Inductive Adders with Ultra-Flat Output Pulses for CLIC DR Kickers

3619

J. Holma, M.J. Barnes, L. Ducimetière
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CLIC study is investigating the technical feasibility of an electron-positron collider with high luminosity and a nominal centre-of-mass energy of 3 TeV. The CLIC pre-damping rings and damping rings (DRs) will produce ultra-low emittance beam with high bunch charge. To avoid beam emittance increase, the DR kicker systems must provide extremely flat, high-voltage, pulses. The specifications for the DR extraction kickers call for 160 ns duration flattop pulses of ±12.5 kV, with a combined ripple and droop of not more than ±0.02 % (±2.5 V). An inductive adder is a very promising approach to meet the specifications. Two five layer, 3.5 kV, prototype inductive adders have been built at CERN, and used to test passive and active analogue modulation methods to compensate droop and ripple of the output pulses. Recently, magnetic core materials and full-scale magnetic cores have been evaluated for the 12.5 kV prototype inductive adders. These results are presented in this paper and conclusions are drawn concerning the design of the full-scale prototypes.

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THPMW033

Operational Experience of the Upgraded LHC Injection Kicker Magnets

3623

M.J. Barnes, A. Adraktas, G. Bregliozzi, S. Calatroni, H.A. Day, L. Ducimetière, B. Goddard, V. Gomes Namora, V. Mertens, B. Salvant, J.A. Uythoven, L. Vega Cid, W.J.M. Weterings, C. Yin Vallgren
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During Run 1 of the LHC the injection kicker magnets caused occasional operational delays due to beam induced heating with high bunch intensity and short bunch lengths. In addition, sometimes there were also sporadic issues with microscopic unidentified falling objects, vacuum activity and electrical flashover of the injection kickers. An extensive program of studies was launched and significant upgrades were carried out during long shutdown 1. These upgrades include a new design of a beam screen to both reduce the beam coupling impedance of the kicker magnet, and to significantly reduce the electric field associated with the screen conductors, hence decreasing the probability of electrical breakdown in this region. In addition new cleaning procedures were implemented and equipment adjacent to the injection kickers and various vacuum components were modified. This paper presents operational experience of the injection kicker magnets during Run 2 of the LHC and assesses the effectiveness of the various upgrades.

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THPMW037

Pulsed Power Systems for ESS Klystrons

3634

I. Roth, M.P.J. Gaudreau, M.K. Kempkes
Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
J. Domenge
Sigma Phi Electronics, Wissembourg, France
J.L. Lancelot
Sigmaphi, Vannes, France

Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) is building three long pulse solid-state klystron transmitters to meet spallation source requirements. Two of the three will be installed at CEA Saclay and the National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (IN2P3) in 2015, to be used as test stands for the European Spallation Source (ESS), The third system will be installed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS).

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THPMW038

Prototyping of the ALS-U Fast Kickers

3637

G.C. Pappas, S. De Santis, J.-Y. Jung, T.H. Luo, C. Steier, C.A. Swenson, W.L. Waldron
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Prototyping of major components for the ALS-U kickers is in progress. A tapered stripline kicker has been built for installation and testing in the ALS, and multiple modulator options to meet the fast rise time required for swap out injection have been considered. High voltage feedthroughs that are matched into the multi GHz range are also being studied.
* Pappas et al., "Fast Kicker Systems for ALS-U", Proc. of IPAC'14, Dresden, Germany, MOPME083.

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THPMW040

Multipactor Discharge in a Resonator as an Active Switch for RF Pulse Compression

3640

J.Q. Qiu, S.P. Antipov, C.-J. Jing, A. Kanareykin
Euclid Beamlabs LLC, Bolingbrook, USA
E.V. Ilyakov, I.S. Kulagin, S.V. Kuzikov, A.A. Vikharev
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Funding: Phase I DOE SBIR
Pulse compression is a method of increasing the peak power of the microwave pulse at the expense of its length. Over the years a number of pulse compressors had been demonstrated with some being bulky but efficient, like the binary pulse compressor and other being compact but less efficient, like SLED-II. An active pulse compressor had been proposed to increase the efficiency and compression ratio which relies on a high power active switch. Currently there are no practical switches that can work reliably with 100 s of megawatts of power. Most of the switches (ferroelectric, plasma-based, semiconductor) are limited by the breakdown strength of various dielectric inserts. In this paper we report on an active switch development which is based on a pure copper resonator and controlled by a single-side multipactor discharge at a metallic wall in the presence of a resonant DC magnetic field and a normal to metal rf field. The discharge is ignited by external rf power produced by inexpensive 2.45 GHz, 1-5 kW magnetrons.

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THPMW042

Overview of Driver Technologies for Nanosecond TEM Kickers

3645

A.K. Krasnykh
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Work supported in part by US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 and in part by US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357
Overview of modern methods, circuits, and practical realizations for multi MW peak power pulsers will be presented. All used pulser components are manufactured by the US national industry and they are available for design and pulser fabrication. Two concepts will be discussed: (1) an approach is based on assistance of a nonlinear transmission line with ferromagnetic media and (2) an approach is based on assistance of special diodes which are working in a specific mode of operation. In both approaches the nonlinear characteristic of switching media (ferromagnetic and solid state plasma) are employed in final stage of the pulser to form the multi MW level nanosecond pulses.

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THPMW043

Observation of Beam-induced Abort Kicker Ferrite Heating in RHIC

3648

C. Montag, L. Ahrens, K.A. Drees, H. Hahn, J.-L. Mi, C. Pai, J. Sandberg, T.C. Shrey, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuozzolo, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
During the FY 2013 RHIC polarized proton run, deterioration of the abort kicker system was observed. The reduced kicks resulted in quenching the superconducting quadrupole Q4 downstream of the beam dump. Frequent re-tuning of the modulator wave form temporarily mitigated the effect, which worsened during the course of the run. Beam-induced heating of the kicker ferrites was evenutally identified as the root cause of this behavior. We report our observations and discuss modifications to the kickers.

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THPOR049

Considerations for the Injection and Extraction Kicker Systems of a 100 TeV Centre-of-Mass FCC-hh Collider

3901

T. Kramer, M.J. Barnes, W. Bartmann, F. Burkart, L. Ducimetière, B. Goddard, V. Senaj, T. Stadlbauer, D.G. Woog
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
D. Barna
Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary

A 100 TeV center-of-mass energy frontier proton collider in a new tunnel of ~100 km circumference is a central part of CERN's Future Circular Colliders (FCC) design study. One of the major challenges for such a machine will be the beam injection and extraction. This paper outlines the recent developments on the injection and extraction kicker system concepts. For injection the system requirements and progress on a new inductive adder design will be presented together with first considerations on the injection kicker magnets. The extraction kicker system comprises the extraction kickers itself as well as the beam dilution kickers, both of which will be part of the FCC beam dump system and will have to reliably abort proton beams with stored energies in the range of 8 Gigajoule. First concepts for the beam dump kicker magnet and generator as well as for the dilution kicker system are described and its feasibility for an abort gap in the 1 μs range is discussed. The potential implications on the overall machine and other key subsystems are outlined, including requirements on (and from) dilution patterns, interlocking, beam intercepting devices and insertion design.

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THPOW050

Upgrade of Septum Magnets of the Transfer Line in TPS

4057

C.S. Yang, C.-H. Chang, Y.L. Chu, J.C. Huang, C.-S. Hwang, J.C. Jan, F.-Y. Lin
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is a 3-GeV light source. The full current of the storage beam and commissioning of insertion devices are still in progress. An improved injection between the booster ring (BR) and the storage ring (SR) was implemented to increase the efficiency of injection and the reliability of the electrical parts. A DC septum (length 0.8 m) was replaced with an AC septum (length 1 m, type C) to decrease the leakage field and to relax the loading of the power supply. Mapping the field with mu-metal shielding was also implemented to diminish the leakage field from the AC septum. The lattice of the transfer line between the booster ring and the storage ring, BTS, was also rearranged to meet the new injection requirements. The performance of the AC septum with mu-metal shielding and the upgrade of the BTS lattice are discussed in this paper.

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