Secondary Emission Monitor Simulation, Measurements and Machine Learning Application Studies for CERN Fixed Target Beamlines
476
L. Parsons França, M. Duraffourg, F. Roncarolo, F.M. Velotti
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. Kukstas, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
Funding:This work was supported by CERN and the STFC Liverpool Centre for Doctoral Training on Data Intensive Science (LIV. DAT) under grant agreement ST/P006752/1. The CERN fixed target experimental areas have recently acquired new importance thanks to newly proposed experiments, such as those linked to Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) activities. Secondary Emission Monitors (SEMs) are the instruments currently used for measuring beam current, position and size in these areas. Guaranteeing their reliability, resistance to radiation and measurement precision is challenging. This paper presents the studies being conducted to understand ageing effects on SEM devices, to calibrate and optimise the SEM design for future use in these beamlines. These include feasibility studies for the application of machine learning techniques, with the objective of expanding the range of tools available for data analysis.
Fast Spill Monitor Studies for the SPS Fixed Target Beams
522
F. Roncarolo, P.A. Arrutia Sota, D. Belohrad, E. Calvo Giraldo, E. Effinger, M.A. Fraser, V. Kain, M. Martin Nieto, S. Mazzoni, I. Ortega Ruiz, J. Tan, F.M. Velotti, C. Zamantzas
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
M. Bergamaschi
MPI-P, München, Germany
At the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) the proton beam is supplied to the fixed target experiments in the North Area facility (NA) via a slow extraction process, taking place at 400 GeV. The monitoring of the spill quality during the extraction, lasting 4.8 seconds with the present SPS setup, is of high interest for minimising beam losses and providing the users with uniform proton-on-target rates. The monitor development challenges include the need for detecting, sampling, processing and publishing the data at rates ranging from few hundred Hz to support the present operation to several hundreds of MHz to serve future experiments proposed within the Physics Beyond Collider (PBC) programme. This paper will give an overview of the ongoing studies for optimizing the existing monitors performances and of the R&D dedicated to future developments. Different techniques are being explored, from Secondary Emission Monitors to Optical Transition Radiation (OTR), Gas Scintillation and Cherenkov detectors. Expected ultimate limitations from the various methods will be presented, together with 2022 experimental results, for example with a recently refurbished OTR detector.
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