The Diamond Beam Loss Monitoring System at CERN LHC and SPS
202
E. Calvo Giraldo, E. Effinger, M. Gonzalez Berges, J. Martínez Samblas, S. Morales Vigo, B. Salvachúa, C. Zamantzas
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
J. Kral
CTUP/FNSPE, Prague, Czech Republic
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerators are equipped with 17 pCVD diamond based Beam Loss detectors at strategical locations where their nanosecond resolution can provide insights into the loss mechanisms and complement the information of the standard ionization chamber type detectors. They are used at the injection and extraction lines of the LHC and SPS, to analyse the injection or extraction efficiency, and to verify the timing alignment of other elements like kicker magnets. They are used at the betatron collimation region and are being also explored as detectors to analyse slow extractions. The acquisition chain was fully renovated during the second LHC long shutdown period (from December 2018 to July 2022) to provide higher resolution measurements, real-time data processing and data reduction at the source as well as to integrate seamlessly to the controls infrastructure. This paper presents the new hardware platform, the different acquisition modes implemented, the system capabilities and initial results obtained during the commissioning and operation at the beginning of the LHC’s Run 3.
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Fast Spill Monitor Studies for the SPS Fixed Target Beams
522
F. Roncarolo, P.A. Arrutia Sota, D. Belohrad, E. Calvo Giraldo, E. Effinger, M.A. Fraser, V. Kain, M. Martin Nieto, S. Mazzoni, I. Ortega Ruiz, J. Tan, F.M. Velotti, C. Zamantzas
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
M. Bergamaschi
MPI-P, München, Germany
At the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) the proton beam is supplied to the fixed target experiments in the North Area facility (NA) via a slow extraction process, taking place at 400 GeV. The monitoring of the spill quality during the extraction, lasting 4.8 seconds with the present SPS setup, is of high interest for minimising beam losses and providing the users with uniform proton-on-target rates. The monitor development challenges include the need for detecting, sampling, processing and publishing the data at rates ranging from few hundred Hz to support the present operation to several hundreds of MHz to serve future experiments proposed within the Physics Beyond Collider (PBC) programme. This paper will give an overview of the ongoing studies for optimizing the existing monitors performances and of the R&D dedicated to future developments. Different techniques are being explored, from Secondary Emission Monitors to Optical Transition Radiation (OTR), Gas Scintillation and Cherenkov detectors. Expected ultimate limitations from the various methods will be presented, together with 2022 experimental results, for example with a recently refurbished OTR detector.
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