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ERL projects are ongoing at Jlab, Daresbury, KEK and Cornell. Here we describe the typical experimental concerns of using high-coherence and ultra-fast pulses from the Cornell ERL as an example of a new opportunities. The hi-flux mode is one where the ERL runs at 5 GeV and 100 mA. Many experiments are photon-starved, such as inelastic X-ray scattering. The high-coherence mode is obtained at 25 mA and the transverse emittances could be as low as 8 pm. The beam size will be at its smallest under this operating condition and average spectral brightness as high as 1023 (standard units) are calculated. (WG2 will discuss the ERL accelerator issues.) We expect to produce a 3 micron round emitting source for imaging and coherence experiments on individual biological cells. The ultra-fast mode is one obtained by reducing the repetition rate to 1 MHz and by increasing the bunch charge to 1 nC per pulse and compressing the natural 2 ps bunch length to less than 100 fs. We will present science opportunities for X-ray experiments on a single atom as well as the challenges in optics, other experiments, and beam control issues when making a 1 nm focused X-ray beam size.
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