• S.V. Benson
  Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia

Funding: This work supported by The Office of Naval Research the Joint Technology Office, NAVSEA PMS-405, the Air Force Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Night Vision Lab, the Commonwealth of Virginia, and by DOE Contract DE-AC05-84ER40150.

Several FELs have now demonstrated high power lasing and several projects are under construction to deliver higher power or shorter wavelengths. This presentation will summarize progress in upgrading FEL oscillators towards higher power and will discuss some of the challenges these projects face. The challenges fall into three categories: 1. energy recovery with large exhaust energy spread, 2. output coupling and maintaining mirror figure in the presence of high intracavity power loading, and 3. high current operation in an energy recovery linac (ERL). Progress in all three of these areas has been made in the last year. Energy recovery of over 12% of exhaust energy spread has been demonstrated and designs capable of accepting even larger energy spreads have been proposed. Cryogenic transmissive output couplers for narrow band operation and both hole and scraper output coupling have been developed. Investigation of short Rayleigh range operation has started as well. Energy recovery of over 20 mA CW has been demonstrated and several methods of mitigating transverse beam breakup instabilities were demonstrated. This talk will summarize these achievements and give a roadmap of where the field is headed.

• I. Ben-Zvi, D. Kayran, V. Litvinenko
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

Historically, the first demonstration of the FEL was in an amplifier configuration at Stanford University. There were other notable instances of amplifying a seed laser, such as the LLNL amplifier and the BNL ATF High-Gain Harmonic Generation FEL. However, for the most part FELs are operated as oscillators or self amplified spontaneous emission devices. Yet, in wavelength regimes where a conventional laser seed can be used, the FEL can be used as an amplifier. One promising application is for very high average power generation, for instance a 100 kW average power FEL. The high electron beam power, high brightness and high efficiency that can be achieved with photoinjectors and superconducting energy recovery linacs combine well with the high-gain FEL amplifier to produce unprecedented average power FELs with some advantages. In addition to the general features of the high average power FEL amplifier, we will look at a 100 kW class FEL amplifier is being designed to operate on the 0.5 ampere Energy Recovery Linac which is under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Collider-Accelerator Department.

• N.S. Ginzburg, V.I. Belousov, G.G. Denisov, R.M. Rozental, A. Sergeev, I.V. Zotova
  IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod
• A.G. Reutova, K.A. Sharypov, V.G. Shpak, S.A. Shunailov, M.R. Ulmaskulov, M.I. Yalandin
  RAS/IEP, Ekaterinburg

Funding: This work was supported by the RFBR grant no.05-02-17553

Recently significant progress was archived in the generation of multimegawatt subnanosecond pulses in millimeter wave band utilizing the cyclotron and Cherenkov mechanisms of superradiance (SR) [1,2]. We study the novel mechanism of SR when the powerful pumping wave undergoes the stimulated back scattering on the intense electron bunch. Due to the Doppler up shift the radiation frequency can significantly exceed the frequency of the pumping wave. With the relativistic microwave generator as a pumping wave source such a mechanism can be used for generation of the powerful pulse radiation in the short millimeter and submillimeter wave bands. Experiments on the observation of the stimulated scattering in the superradiance regime were carried out at Institute of Electrophysics RAS with two synchronized accelerators. The 4 ns electron beam from the first accelerator is used for generation of the 38 GHz 100 MW pumping wave which subsequently scattered on the subnanosecond 250 keV 1 kA electron bunch produced by the second accelerator. The SR pulses with duration 200 ps and peak power about 1 MW were generated. The spectrum of scattered signal included the frequencies up to 150 GHz.

[1] Ginzburg N., et al. Phys.Rev.Lett.,1997, 78 (1997) 2365. [2] Ginzburg N., et al. Phys.Rev. E, 1999 60 3297.

• Y.-C. Huang, Y.-Y. Lin
  NTHU, Hsinchu

Funding: Center for Advanced Information System and Electronics Research(CAISER)

A Smith-Purcell radiator produces transversely asymmetric radiation modes due to the arrangement of a grating on one side of the electron beam. This asymmetric output could limit the usefulness of such a device in the THz spectrum where diffraction of waves is severe. It is possible to produce symmetric radiation from a double-grating waveguide driven by an electron beam traversing the waveguide gap. We derive a theory that describes the modes and small signal gain of this novel grating-waveguide free-electron laser. Our theory shows that extremely high laser gain is obtained when the electron beam is phase matched to the middle or edge of the radiation bands where the radiation modes have zero group velocity. In our calculation we obtained 66dB/mm gain at 298 µm for a 5 mA, 30keV driving beam in a grating waveguide with a 50-micron, 40% duty-cycle grating period, a 60-micron groove depth, and a 150 micron waveguide gap. This extremely high gain indicates that this novel device establishes resonance without resonator mirrors in a one-dimensional photonic-crystal lattice or from distributed feedbacks in the grating pairs. Experimental progress will be reported in the conference.

• Y.U. Jeong, H.J. Cha, B.C. Lee, S.-H. Park
  KAERI, Daejon
• G.M. Kazakevich
  Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois

We have developed a laboratory-scale users facility with a compact terahertz (THz) free electron laser (FEL). The FEL operates in the wavelength range of 100-1200 μm, which corresponds to 0.3-3 THz. The peak power of the FEL micropulse having 30 ps pulse duration is 1 kW and the pulse energy of the 3-μs-FEL-macropulse is approximately 0.3 mJ. The main application of the FEL is THz imaging for bio-medical researches. Transmitted THz imaging of various samples including bugs have been measured. The samples were scanned by a 2-dimensional stage at the focal point of the THz beam. The bugs were not dry because they were killed just before experiments. We could get the transmitted THz imaging of the bugs at 3 THz with the high power THz FEL. THz spectral characteristics of several materials have been studied by the FEL and a THz FTIR spectrometer. We will introduce recent results on the imaging and spectroscopy by the THz FEL.