RIKEN/SPring-8, Hyogo
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken
We present the design and performance of the beam diagnostic system of XFEL/SPring-8. The XFEL accelerator requires sub-um resolution beam position monitors (BPM), few-um resolution screen monitors, high-speed beam current monitors and a ten femtosecond resolution temporal structure measurement system. We designed an rf cavity BPM which has a resonant frequency of 4760 MHz and a position resolution of less than 1 um. For the screen monitor, thin stainless-steel foil (0.1 mm thick) is used to reduce beam divergence. In addition, a custom-made lens system having few-micron resolution was designed. For the beam measurement, we developed a differential current transformer (CT) with four ports, two are positive and the others are negative, to reduce common-mode noise. The rise time of the CT output pulse is 0.1 ns. To measure the temporal structure of a beam, we developed a C-band (5712 MHz) transverse deflecting cavity that has a disk-loaded backward traveling wave structure. The iris shape of the cavity is a race-track to separate x- and y-mode. This cavity can resolve a beam into femtosecond fragments. Thus, the beam diagnostic system satisfies the demands of the XFEL machine.
CIEMAT, Madrid
CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
The IFMIF-EVEDA accelerator will be a 9 MeV, 125 mA CW deuteron accelerator which aims to validate the technology that will be used in the future IFMIF accelerator. Non-interceptive Beam Position Monitors pickups (BPMs) will be installed to measure the transverse beam position in the vacuum chamber in order to correct the dipolar and tilt errors. Depending on the location, the response of the BPMs must be optimized for a beam with an energy range from 5 up to 9 MeV and a current between 0.1 and 125 mA. Apart from the broadening of the electromagnetic field due to the low-beta beam, specific issues are affecting some of the BPMs: tiny space in the transport line between the RFQ and cryomodule (MEBT), cryogenic temperature inside the cryomodule, phase and energy measurement in the diagnostics plate, and debunching and big vacuum pipe aperture at the end of the high energy beam transport line. For this reason different types of BPMs are being designed for each location (MEBT, cryomodule, Diagnostics Plate and High Energy Beam Tranport Line). In this contribution, the design of each BPM will be presented, focusing on the electromagnetic response for high-current low-beta beams.
CERN, Geneva
The LHC Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system is one of the most complex instrumentation systems deployed in the LHC. As well as protecting the machine, the system is also used as a means of diagnosing machine faults, and providing feedback of losses to the control room and several systems such as the Collimation, the Beam Dump and the Post-Mortem. The system has to transmit and process signals from over 4'000 monitors, and has approaching 3 million configurable parameters. This paper describes the types of configuration data needed, the means used to store and deploy all the parameters in such a distributed system and how operators are able to alter the operating parameters of the system, particularly with regard to the loss threshold values. The various security mechanisms put in place, both at the hardware and software level, to avoid accidental or malicious modification of these BLM parameters are also shown for each case.
GSI, Darmstadt
A precise tune determination is crucial for stable operation of GSI SIS-18 synchrotron especially for intense beam conditions. In order to avoid nearby resonances in the tune diagram the fractional part of coherent betatron motion needs to be measured with a resolution of 10-3 also during ramping mode. This is achieved using a fast digital readout system for Beam Position Monitors (BPM). The broadband BPM signal is sampled with a rate of 125 MSa/s which corresponds to an average of about 50 Sa per bunch for SIS-18 machine parameters. The signal is integrated bunch-by-bunch which minimizes thermal and digitization noise and the beam position is calculated. The tune is then determined in baseband directly by Fourier-transformation of the positions of a certain bunch typically over 2048 turns. This algorithm does not require any additional input parameter. Since particle losses due to significant emittance blow-up have to be avoided, excitation power has to be kept as low as possible. This was achieved using a digital pseudo random noise (PRN) generator for beam excitation, which produces white noise on a carrier frequency with adjustable bandwidth.
CERN, Geneva
KEK, Ibaraki
UW-Madison/PD, Madison, Wisconsin
For the LHC beam loss measurement system the high voltage supply of the ionisation chambers and the secondary emission detectors is used to test their connectivity. A harmonic modulation of 0.03 Hz results in a current signal of about 100 pA measured by the beam loss acquisition electronics. The signal is analyzed and the measured amplitude and phase are compared with individual channel limits for the 4000 channels. It is foreseen to execute an automatic procedure for all channels every 12 hours which takes about 20 minutes. The paper will present the design of the system, the circuit simulations, measurements of systematic dependencies of different channels and the reproducibility of the amplitude and phase measurements.