ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
UMD, College Park, Maryland
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) continues a ramp up in proton beam power toward the design goal of 1.4 MW on target. At Megawatt levels, US and Japanese studies have shown that cavitation in the Mercury target could lead to dramatically shortened target lifetime. Therefore, it will be critical to measure and control the proton beam distribution on the target, in a region of extremely high radiation and limited accessibility. Several sources of photons have been considered for imaging the beam on or near the target. These include a freestanding temporary screen, a scintillating coating, Helium gas scintillation, optical transition radiation, and a beam-heated wire mesh. This paper will outline the selection process that led to the current emphasis on coating development. In this harsh environment, the optics design presented significant challenges. The optical system has been constructed and characterized in preparation for installation. Optical test results will be described along with predictions of overall system performance.
CIEMAT, Madrid
The IFMIF-EVEDA accelerator will be a 9 MeV, 125 mA (CW) deuteron LINAC with the purpose of validating the technology that will be used in the future IFMIF accelerator. In such low energy and high current prototype accelerator, any device intercepting the beam could be destroyed. Thus, non interceptive profile monitors will be installed inside of a Diagnostics-Plate and along the High Energy Transport Line. CIEMAT group investigates a profile monitor based on the fluorescence of the residual gas. A high neutron and gamma flux environment (due to high deuteron beam current) stands for a hostile environment for most of electronic devices and fibers. The design must guarantee not only good spatial resolution but a reliable operation in such environment. Hence, different options for detectors, optical windows, fibers and shielding concepts have been considered to overcome these aspects. Transverse profilers will be used as well as a tool to perform emittance measurements through quad-scans. In this contribution, the design of a transverse profiler prototype for EVEDA, together with a brief discussion about mechanisms that can play a role in profile falsification will be presented.
Diamond, Oxfordshire
During normal operation of synchrotron third generation light source like Diamond, the measurement of the electron bunch profile, of the order of 10~ps, is perfectly done with a streak camera. However, in 'low alpha' operation, where the momentum compaction factor is reduced in order to shorten the bunch length, the measurement becomes extremely close to the resolution of the camera. In such a case, performing a good measurement and extracting the real information requires a good knowledge of the impulse response of the streak camera. We present analysis and measurement of the contributions to the point spread function of the streak camera: the static point obtained by measuring a focussed beam without any sweep, which can be achieved at best around 5.5 pixels (0.7~ps with the fastest sweep), but also the chirp introduced by refractive optics and a large spectral beam, measured with a spectrograph at 26~fs/nm. Then we discuss short bunch measured in 'low alpha' operation and the agreement between measurements and expectation from theory.
DESY, Hamburg
High-brightness electron bunches with low energy spread, small emittance and high peak currents are the basis for the operation of high-gain Free Electron Lasers (FELs). As only part of the longitudinally compressed bunches contributes to the lasing process, time-resolved measurements of the bunch parameters are essential for the optimisation and operation of the FEL. Transverse deflecting structures (TDS) have been proven to be powerful tools for time-resolved measurements. Operated in combination with a magnetic energy spectrometer, the measurement of the longitudinal phase space can be accomplished. Especially in case of ultra-short electron bunches with high peak currents for which a time resolution on the order of 10 fs would be desirable, both the TDS and magnetic energy spectrometer have intrinsic limitations on the attainable resolution. In this paper, we discuss the fundamental limitations on both the time and energy resolution, and how these quantities are connected.
Diamond, Oxfordshire
JAI, Oxford
The operation of the Diamond storage ring with short electron bunches using ‘low alpha’ optics for generation of Coherent THz radiation and short X-ray pulses for time-resolved experiments is limited by the onset of microbunch instabilities. We have installed two ultra-fast (time response is about 250 ps) Schottky Barrier Diode Detectors sensitive to radiation within the 3.33-5 mm and 6-9 mm wavelength ranges. Bursts of synchrotron radiation at these wavelengths have been observed to appear periodically above certain thresholds of stored current per bunch. The fast response allows a bunch-by-bunch and turn-by-turn detection of the burst signal, which facilitates study of the bursts’ structure and evolution. In this paper we present our first results for various settings of alpha and also discuss future plans for the modification of a beam port to improve sensitivity of the system.
KEK, Tsukuba
RCNP, Osaka
We have continuously developed the Optical Transition Radiation (OTR) monitor with optics system based on the Newtonian telescope to measure a profile for a high intensity proton beamline. Now we installed the OTR monitors of production version on the J-PARC hadron beamline, and successfully observed a first OTR light. This led to the establishment of high S/N profile measurement with minimum beam disturbance. At this commissioning stage, a beam intensity is as small as 1.2 KW, but expected to increase up to 750 kW, so that maintenance work becomes important. To improve ease of maintenance, we plan to replace the focusing lens system with reflective mirror system with higher resistance to radiation. A result of beam profile measurement, an estimation of dependence of an OTR background on a beam loss, and a future plan for an upgrade of our optics system will be presented.