| |
At GSI's accelerator facilities ion beam intensities usually are observed
and measured with various types of current transformers (CT), matched to
the special requirements at their location in the machines.
In the universal linear accelerator (UNILAC), and the high charge state
injector (HLI) as well, active transformers with 2nd-order feedback are
used, while passive pulse CTs and two DC-CTs based on the magnetic
modulator principle are implemented in the heavy ion synchrotron (SIS)
and the experimental storage ring (ESR). In the high energy beam transfer
lines (HEBT) the particle bunch extraction/reinjection is monitored with
resonant charge-integrating types.
Since more than 10 years number and significance of beam current
transformers for operating GSI's accelerators have grown constantly. Due
to increased beam intensities following the last UNILAC upgrade,
transmission monitoring and beam loss supervision with CTs have become
the main tools for machine protection and radiation security purposes.
All CTs have been constructed and developed at GSI, since no commercial
products were available, when solutions were needed.
|
|