JAEA, Tokai-mura
JAEA/Kansai, Kyoto
Toshiba, Tokyo
Kyoto ICR, Uji, Kyoto
Hokkaido University, Sapporo
The cancer treatment with hadron beams continues to be made as hadron treatment facilities are being developed around the globe with state-of-the-art accelerator technology. The generation of energetic protons and ions from laser-plasma interactions, has made laser-driven hadron radiotherapy a subject of strong interest. Proton bunches with high peak current and ultralow emittance are typical of ultrafast laser-foil interactions. However, these bunches also exhibit large divergence and energy spread. Photo Medical Research Center (PMRC) of JAEA was recently established to address the challenge of the laser-driven ion accelerator development for hadron therapy. Our mission at PMRC is to develop integrated, laser-driven ion accelerator systems (ILDIAS) that demonstrate desired beam characteristics for such therapy. We used the Phase and Radial Motion in Ion Linear Accelerators (PARMILA) design software which was originally developed as a numerical tool to design and simulate beam performance. This report will discuss beam specifications of laser-driven ion accelerators using PARMILA.
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
MuSR science requires the availability of intense beams of polarised positive muons. At the ISIS pulsed muon facility at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory the muons are generated from a low Z thin slab graphite target inserted in the proton beam. We report on the use of the Monte Carlo simulation code Geant4 in simulations of the performance of the current muon target. The results are benchmarked against the experimental performance of the target.
Muons, Inc, Batavia
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois
Funding: Supported in part by the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity
Detector designs for muon colliders have lacked coverage of the particles emerging from the collision region in the forward and backward angular regions, limiting their physics potential. These regions require massive shielding, mainly due to the intense radiation produced by the decay electrons from the muon beams. Emerging technologies for instrumentation could be used to detect particles in these regions that were filled with inert material in previous designs. New solid state photon sensors that are fine-grained, insensitive to magnetic fields, radiation-resistant, fast, and inexpensive can be used with highly segmented detectors in the regions near the beams. We are developing this new concept by investigating the properties of these new sensors and including them in numerical simulations to study interesting physics processes and backgrounds to improve the designs of the detector, the interaction region, and the collider itself.
CERN, Geneva
The TOTEM experiment at the LHC will operate at down to 10 σ from the beam in the forward region of the CMS experiment. The associated beam loss monitors (BLMs) are crucial to monitor the position of the detectors and to provide a rapid identification of abnormal beam conditions for machine protection purposes. In this paper, the response of the TOTEM BLMs is considered and the protection thresholds are defined, with calculations made of the expected signal from protons grazing the TOTEM pot as a function of pot distance from the beam, and of the BLM signal from proton collisions at the CMS beam interaction point.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
Cooling intense high-energy hadron beams remains a major challenge in modern accelerator physics. Synchrotron radiation is still too feeble, while the efficiency of two other cooling methods, stochastic and electron, falls rapidly either at high bunch intensities (i.e. stochastic of protons) or at high energies (e-cooling). In this talk a specific scheme of a unique cooling technique, Coherent Electron Cooling, will be discussed. The idea of coherent electron cooling using electron beam instabilities was suggested by Derbenev in the early 1980s, but the scheme presented in this talk, with cooling times under an hour for 7 TeV protons in the LHC, would be possible only with present-day accelerator technology. This talk will discuss the principles and the main limitations of the Coherent Electron Cooling process. The talk will describe the main system components, based on a high-gain free electron laser driven by an energy recovery linac, and will present some numerical examples for ions and protons in RHIC and the LHC and for electron-hadron options for these colliders. BNL plans a demonstration of the idea in the near future.
GSI, Darmstadt
IPCP, Chernogolovka, Moscow region
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real
CERN, Geneva
When the LHC will work at full capacity, two counter rotating beams of 7 TeV/c protons will be generated. Each beam will consist of 2808 bunches while each bunch will comprise of 1.15x1011 protons. Bunch length will be 0.5 ns whereas two neighboring bunches will be separated by 25 ns . Intensity in the transverse direction will be Gaussian with σ = 0.2 mm. Each beam will carry 362 MJ energy, sufficient to melt 500 kg of Cu. Safety is an extremely important issue in case of such powerful beams. We report two–dimensional numerical simulations of hydrodynamic and thermodynamic response of a solid copper cylinder that is facially irradiated by one of the LHC beams in axial direction. The energy loss of protons in copper is calculated employing the FLUKA code and this data is used as input to a hydrodynamic code, BIG2. Our simulations show that the beam will penetrate up to 35 m into the solid copper target. Since the target is strongly heated by the beam, a sample of High Energy Density (HED) matter is generated. An additional application of the LHC, therefore will be, to study HED matte. This is an improvement of our previous work [Tahir et al., PRL 94 (2005) 135004].
SIGMAPHI S.A., Vannes
CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
Funding: ANR contract nb : NT05-141853
This paper presents an alternative design of the magnet for the RACCAM project. The aim of this collaboration is to study and build a prototype of a scaling spiral FFAG as a possible medical machine for hadron therapy. The magnet was first designed with a variable gap to produce the desired field law B=B0(r/r0)^k. The key feature in the “scaling” behavior of the magnet is in getting the fringe field extent to be proportional to the radius. Although the fringe field is increasing with gap dimension, we have obtained quit constant tunes in both horizontal and vertical by using a variable chamfer. An alternative magnet design was then proposed with parallel gap and distributed conductors on the pole to create the required field variation. This solution requires about 40 conductors along the pole and much more power than the gap shaping solution. We expect a much better tune constancy even without variable chamfer. We can think about an “hybrid” magnet with parallel gap at small radii and gap shaping afterward. Such a solution could take advantages of both solutions.