• W. Gai, M. Borland, K.-J. Kim, W. Liu, A. Xiao
  ANL, Argonne
• J. Sheppard
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

Funding: This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.

The effect of ILC positron source’s helical undulator to the drive electron beam is of great interest. People have been looking into the effect of wakefield, quad misalignment and also the effect of radiation. In this paper we’ll report an emittance damping effect of the ILC positron source undulator to the drive electron beam and our QUAD-BPM error simulation results. For 100m RDR undulator, the emittance of drive electron beam will be damped down by about 1% instead of growing as the damping is stronger than quantum excitation for this RDR undulator with the RDR drive electron beam. Quad-BPM misalignment simulations show that a 20um rms misalignment error in a 250m long undulator beamline can cause about 5% emittance growth in drive electron beam. Taking into consider the damping effect of undulator, the net emittance growth will be smaller.

• M.E. Conde, S.P. Antipov, W. Gai, F. Gao, R. Konecny, W. Liu, J.G. Power, Z.M. Yusof
  ANL, Argonne
• C.-J. Jing
  Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.

The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility is dedicated to the study of advanced accelerator concepts based on electron beam driven wakefield acceleration and RF power generation. The facility employs an L-band photocathode RF gun to generate high charge short electron bunches, which are used to drive wakefields in dielectric loaded structures as well as in metallic structures (iris loaded, photonic band gap, etc). Accelerating gradients as high as 100 MV/m have been reached in dielectric loaded structures, and RF pulses of up to 44 MW have been generated at 7.8 GHz. In order to reach higher accelerating gradients, and also be able to generate higher RF power levels, a photocathode with higher quantum efficiency is needed. Therefore, a new RF gun with a Cesium Telluride photocathode will replace the electron gun that has been used to generate the drive bunches. In addition to this, a new L-band klystron will be added to the facility, increasing the beam energy from 15 MeV to 23 MeV, and thus increasing the total power in the drive beam to a few GW. The goal of future experiments is to reach accelerating gradients of several hundred MV/m and to extract RF pulses with GW power level.

• S.H. Gold
  NRL, Washington, DC
• W. Gai, R. Konecny, W. Liu, J.G. Power
  ANL, Argonne
• C.-J. Jing, A. Kanareykin
  Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio
• A.K. Kinkead
  Icarus Research, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland

Funding: Department of Energy, Office of Naval Research, and DoE SBIR Phase II grant DE-FG02-06ER84463

Dielectric-loaded accelerating (DLA) structures, in which a dielectric liner is placed inside a cylindrical metal tube, offer the potential of a simple, inexpensive alternative to copper disk-loaded structures for use in high-gradient rf linear accelerators. A joint Naval Research Laboratory/Euclid Techlabs/Argonne National Laboratory study is under way to investigate the performance of X-band DLA structures using high-power 11.43-GHz radiation from the NRL Magnicon Facility*. The initial goal of the program has been to develop structures capable of sustaining high accelerating gradients. The two significant limitations that have been discovered relate to multipactor loading of the structures and rf breakdown at joints between ceramic sections. We will report the results of several recent structure tests that have demonstrated significant progress in addressing both of these issues. The longer-range goal of the program is to study electron acceleration in DLA structures. For this purpose, we are developing an X-band DLA test accelerator. We will also report the results of initial operation of a 5-MeV injector for the new accelerator.

*C. Jing, W. Gai, J. Power, R. Konecny, S. Gold, W. Liu and A. Kinkead, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 33, pp.1155-1160, August 2005.

• L. Rinolfi, F. Antoniou, H.-H. Braun, Y. Papaphilippou, D. Schulte, A. Vivoli, F. Zimmermann
  CERN, Geneva
• E.V. Bulyak, P. Gladkikh
  NSC/KIPT, Kharkov
• R. Chehab
  IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne
• J.A. Clarke
  STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
• O. Dadoun, P. Lepercq, R. Roux, A. Variola, Z.F. Zomer
  LAL, Orsay
• W. Gai, W. Liu
  ANL, Argonne
• T. Kamitani, T. Omori, J. Urakawa
  KEK, Ibaraki
• M. Kuriki
  HU/AdSM, Higashi-Hiroshima
• I. Pogorelsky, V. Yakimenko
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• T. Takahashi
  Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Science, Higashi-Hiroshima

The CLIC polarized positron source is based on a positron production scheme in which polarized photons are produced by Compton process. Compton backscattering happens in a so-called "Compton ring" where an electron beam of 1.06 GeV interacts with a powerful laser beam amplified in an optical resonator. The circularly-polarized gamma rays are sent on to a target, producing pairs of longitudinally polarized electrons and positrons. An Adiabatic Matching Device maximizes the capture of the positrons. A normal-conducting 2 GHz Linac accelerates the beam up to 2.424 GeV before injection into the Pre-Damping Ring (PDR). The nominal CLIC bunch population is 4.4x10⁹ particles per bunch. Since the photon flux coming out from a "Compton ring" is not sufficient to obtain the requested charge, a stacking process is required in the PDR. Another option is to use a "Compton Energy Recovery Linac" where a quasi-continual stacking in the PDR could be achieved. A third option is to use a "Compton Linac" which would not require stacking. We describe the overall scheme as well as advantages and constraints of the three different options.

• J.G. Power, M.E. Conde, W. Gai, W. Liu
  ANL, Argonne
• P. Piot
  Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois

Funding: The work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 with Argonne National Laboratory.

Phase space measurements of RF photoinjectors have usually been done with multislit masks or scanning slits. These systems implicitly ignore the correlations between the X and Y planes and thus yield measurements of the projected 2D phase space distributions. In contrast, a grid-patterned pepper-pot is capable of measuring the full 4D transverse phase space distribution, f(x,x',y,y'). 4D measurements allow precise tuning of electron beams with large canonical angular momentum, important for electron cooling and flat beam transformation, as well as zeroing the magnetic field on the photocathode is zero for ultra low emittance applications (e.g. SASE FEL, ERL FEL). In this talk, we report on a parametric set of measurements to characterize the 4D transverse phase space of the 1 nC electron beam from the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) RF photoinjector. The diagnostic is simulated with TStep, including the passage of the electron beam trough the mask and tracking of the beamlets to the imaging screen. The phase space retrieval algorithm is then bench marked against simulations and measurements.

• F. Gao, W. Gai, W. Liu
  ANL, Argonne
• F. Gao, T. Wong
  Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
• C.-J. Jing
  Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio

We report on the design of a dual-frequency higher-order-mode dielectric-loaded power extraction set. This power extraction set consists of a dual-frequency dielectric-loaded decelerating structure (decelerator) and two changeable output couplers. In the decelerator, the TM02 mode synchronizes with an ultra-relativistic electron beam at 20.8GHz, and the TM03 mode synchronizes with the beam at 35.1GHz. These frequencies are both harmonics of 1.3GHz, the operating frequency of the electron gun and linac at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator. The power generated in the unwanted TM01 mode is effectively suppressed for bunch train operation with a novel mode suppression technique. To extract power from the decelerator to standard rectangular waveguides, a TM02-TE10 output coupler was designed with S21 = -0.26dB at 20.8GHz, and a TM03-TE10 output coupler with S21 = -0.66dB at 35.1GHz. 90.4MW and 8.68MW rf power are expected to be extracted from a drive beam with charge of 50nC per bunch, at 20.8GHz and 35.1GHz respectively.

• W. Liu, Y.-C. Du, W.-H. Huang, C.-X. Tang, D. Wu
  TUB, Beijing

The preliminary experiments and three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of terahertz (THz) coherent transition radiation (CTR) performed at the Accelerator Laboratory of Tsinghua University are reported in this paper. THz radiation is generated from the interactions of Titanium foil with the ultrashort electron beam produced by the photocathode RF gun. The frequency and power of radiation are measured with the Martin-Pupllet interferometer and Gollay Cell detector, respectively. The radiation characteristics depending on the foil properties are preliminarily studied with the experiments and PIC simulations. On the other hand, the distribution of radiation field pattern and energy are studied by numerical calculated, and those results are in agreement with the PIC simulations.