CERN, Geneva
At present, for most LHC type physics beams, six buckets of the PS operated with harmonic number h=7 are filled in two transfers, and each of the PS Booster rings provides only one bunch. The scheme presented aims at replacing the double batch transfer by a single batch transfer and is of interest (i) for the nominal 25 ns LHC beams once the Booster injection energy has been increased after completion of Linac4 and (ii) already now for 50 ns and 75 ns LHC beams less demanding for the Booster in terms of beam brightness. Two bunches with the correct spacing must be generated in the Booster rings by superposition of an h=2 RF system and a smaller h=1 component. Theoretical considerations and first experimental results will be presented.
CERN, Geneva
The civil engineering works of the Linac4 linear accelerator at CERN started in October 2008 and regular machine operation is foreseen for 2013. Linac4 will accelerate H- ions to an energy of 160 MeV for injection into the PS Booster (PSB). It will thus replace the ageing Linac2, which presently injects at 50 MeV into the PSB, and it will also represents the first step in the injector upgrade for the LHC aiming at increasing its luminosity. This paper reports on the status of the design and construction of the main machine elements, which will be installed in the linac tunnel from the beginning of 2012 onwards, on the progress of the civil engineering and on the ongoing activities at the Linac4 test stand.
CERN, Geneva
N.U, Nigde
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Tandogan/Ankara
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool
KEK, Ibaraki
TOBB ETU, Ankara
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
Sub-atomic physics at the energy frontier probes the structure of the fundamental quanta of the Universe. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN opens for the first time the “terascale” (TeV energy scale) to experimental scrutiny, exposing the physics of the Universe at the sub-attometric (~10-19 m, 10-10 as) scale. The LHC will also take the science of nuclear matter to hitherto unparalleled energy densities (low-x physics). The hadron beams, protons or ions, in the LHC underpin this horizon, and also offer new experimental possibilities at this energy scale. A Large Hadron electron Collider, LHeC, in which an electron (positron) beam of energy (70 to 140 GeV) is in collision with one of the LHC hadron beams, makes possible terascale lepton-hadron physics. The LHeC is presently being evaluated in the form of two options, “ring-ring” and “linac-ring”, either of which operate simultaneously with pp or ion-ion collisions in other LHC interaction regions. Each option takes advantage of recent advances in radio-frequency, in linear acceleration, and in other associated technologies, to achieve ep luminosity as large as 1033 cm-2s-1.
