• T. Mastorides, J.D. Fox, C.H. Rivetta, D. Van Winkle
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract # DE-AC02-76SF00515 and the US-LARP program

A non-linear time-domain simulation has been developed that can determine technical limitations, effects of non-linearities and imperfections, and impact of additive noise on the interaction of the beam with the Impedance Control Radio Frequency (RF) systems [1]. We present a formalism for the extraction of parameters from the time-domain simulation to determine the sensitivity of the beam longitudinal emittance and dilution on the RF system characteristics. Previous studies [2], [3] have estimated the effect of a noise source on the beam characteristics assuming an independent perturbation source of the RF voltage and a simplified beam model with no coupling. We present the methodology for the time-domain simulation study of the dependence of the accelerating voltage noise spectrum on the various RF parameters and the technical properties (such as non-linearities, thermal noise, frequency response etc.) of the Low Level RF (LLRF) system components. Future plans to expand this formalism to coupled bunch studies of longitudinal emittance growth in the LHC at nominal and upgraded beam currents are briefly summarized.

• D. Van Winkle, J.D. Fox, T. Mastorides, C.H. Rivetta
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• P. Baudrenghien, A.C. Butterworth, J.C. Molendijk
  CERN, Geneva

Funding: Work supported through SLAC/DOE Contract DE-AC02-76-SF00515 and US LARP CERN collaboration.

The LHC Low Level RF System (LLRF) is a complex multi-VME crate system which is used to regulate the superconductive cavity gap voltage as well as to lower the impedance as seen by the beam through low latency feedback. This system contains multiple loops with several parameters which must be set before the loops can be closed. In this paper, we present a suite of matlab based tools developed to perform the preliminary alignment of the RF stations and the beginnings of the closed loop model based alignment routines. We briefly introduce the RF system and in particular the base band (time domain noised based) network analyzer system built into the LHC LLRF. The main focus of this paper is the methodology of the algorithms used in the routines within the context of the overall system. Measured results are presented which validate the technique. Because the RF systems are located underground in a location which is relatively un-accessible even without beam and completely un-accessible when beam is present, these tools will allow CERN LLRF experts to maintain and tune their LLRF systems from a remote location similar to what was done very successfully in PEP-II at SLAC.

• R.O. Hettel, K.L.F. Bane, K.J. Bertsche, Y. Cai, A. Chao, V.A. Dolgashev, J.D. Fox, X. Huang, Z. Huang, T. Mastorides, C.-K. Ng, Y. Nosochkov, A. Novokhatski, T. Rabedeau, C.H. Rivetta, J.A. Safranek, J. Seeman, J. Stohr, G.V. Stupakov, S.G. Tantawi, L. Wang, M.-H. Wang, U. Wienands, L. Xiao
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• I. Lindau
  Stanford University, Stanford, California
• C. Pellegrini
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California

Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515.

SSRL and SLAC groups are developing a long-range plan to transfer its evolving scientific programs from the SPEAR3 light source to a much higher performing photon source that would be housed in the 2.2-km PEP-II tunnel. While various concepts for the PEP-X light source are under consideration, including ultimate storage ring and ERL configurations, the present baseline design is a very low-emittance storage ring. A hybrid lattice has DBA or QBA cells in two of the six arcs that provide a total ~30 straight sections for ID beam lines extending into two new experimental halls. The remaining arcs contain TME cells. Using ~100 m of damping wigglers the horizontal emittance at 4.5 GeV would be ~0.1 nm-rad with >1 A stored beam. PEP-X will produce photon beams having brightnesses near 1022 at 10 keV. Studies indicate that a ~100-m undulator could have FEL gain and brightness enhancement at soft x-ray wavelengths with the stored beam. Crab cavities or other beam manipulation systems could be used to reduce bunch length or otherwise enhance photon emission properties. The present status of the PEP-X lattice and beam line designs are presented and other implementation options are discussed.

• J.D. Fox, T. Mastorides, G. Ndabashimiye, C.H. Rivetta, D. Van Winkle
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• J.M. Byrd, J.-L. Vay
  LBNL, Berkeley, California
• R. De Maria
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• W. Höfle, G. Rumolo
  CERN, Geneva

Funding: Work supported by Department of Energy contract DE–AC03–76SF00515 and the US LARP program.

The SPS at high intensities exhibits transverse single-bunch instabilities with signatures consistent with an Ecloud driven instability. While the SPS has a coupled-bunch transverse feedback system, control of Ecloud-driven motion requires a much wider control bandwidth capable of sensing and controlling motion within each bunched beam. This paper draws beam dynamics data from the measurements and simulations of this SPS instability, and develops initial performance requirements for a feedback system with 2-4 GS/sec sampling rates to damp Ecloud-driven transverse motion in the SPS at intensities desired for high-current LHC operation. Requirements for pickups, kickers and signal processing architectures are presented. Initial lab measurements of proof-of-principle lab model prototypes are presented for the wideband kicker driver signal functions.

• J.-L. Vay, M.A. Furman
  LBNL, Berkeley, California
• R. De Maria
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• J.D. Fox, C.H. Rivetta
  SLAC, Menlo Park, California
• G. Rumolo
  CERN, Geneva

Funding: Supported by the US-DOE under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and the US-LHC LARP. Used resources of NERSC, supported by the US-DOE under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.

Electron clouds impose limitations on current accelerators that may be more severe for future machines, unless adequate measures of mitigation are taken. Recently, it has been proposed to use feedback systems operating at high frequency (in the GHz range) to damp single-bunch transverse coherent oscillations that may otherwise be amplified during the interaction of the beam with ambient electron clouds. We have used the simulation package WARP-POSINST to study the growth rate and frequency patterns in space-time of the electron cloud driven beam breakup instability in the CERN SPS accelerator with, or without, an idealized feedback model for damping the instability. We will present our latest results and discuss their implications for the design of the actual feedback system.