• S.L. Sheehy, K.J. Peach, H. Witte, T. Yokoi
  JAI, Oxford
• D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida
  STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon

PAMELA (Par­ti­cle Ac­cel­er­a­tor for MEd­i­caL Ap­pli­ca­tions) em­ploys novel non-scal­ing Fixed Field Al­ter­nat­ing Gra­di­ent (NS-FFAG) tech­nol­o­gy in the de­vel­op­ment of a pro­ton and C⁶⁺ par­ti­cle ther­a­py fa­cil­i­ty. One of the chal­lenges of this de­sign is the ac­cel­er­a­tion of high en­er­gy C⁶⁺ in a lat­tice which en­ables high flex­i­bil­i­ty and re­li­a­bil­i­ty for treat­ments, yet re­mains min­i­mal in size and com­plex­i­ty. Dis­cussed here is the Car­bon 6+ lat­tice so­lu­tion in terms of both de­sign and per­for­mance.

• K.J. Peach, J.H. Cobb, S.L. Sheehy, H. Witte, T. Yokoi
  JAI, Oxford
• M. Aslaninejad, M.J. Easton, J. Pasternak
  Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
• R.J. Barlow, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier
  UMAN, Manchester
• C.D. Beard, P.A. McIntosh, S.M. Pattalwar, S.L. Smith, S.I. Tzenov
  STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
• N. Bliss, T.J. Jones, J. Strachan
  STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
• T.R. Edgecock, J.K. Pozimski
  STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• R.J.L. Fenning, A. Khan
  Brunel University, Middlesex
• I.S.K. Gardner, D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida
  STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• M.A. Hill
  GIROB, Oxford
• C. Johnstone
  Fermilab, Batavia
• B. Jones, B. Vojnovic
  Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Oxford
• R. Seviour
  Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster

The sta­tus of PAMELA (Par­ti­cle Ac­cel­er­a­tor for MEd­i­caL Ap­pli­ca­tions) ' an ac­cel­er­a­tor for pro­ton and light ion ther­a­py using a non-scal­ing FFAG (ns-FFAG) ac­cel­er­a­tor ' is re­viewed and dis­cussed.

• T. Yokoi, K.J. Peach, H. Witte
  JAI, Oxford

PAMELA (Par­ti­cle Ac­cel­er­a­tor for MEd­i­caL Ap­pli­ca­tion) aims to de­sign a par­ti­cle ther­a­py fa­cil­i­ty using Non-scal­ing FFAG (Fixed Field Al­ter­nat­ing Gra­di­ent) ac­cel­er­a­tor. In the beam ex­trac­tion in PAMELA, the biggest chal­lenge is the flex­i­ble en­er­gy vari­abil­i­ty, which is de­sir­able for bet­ter dose field for­ma­tion. The fea­ture is a unique fea­ture of PAMELA for a fixed field ac­cel­er­a­tor. To re­al­ize en­er­gy vari­able beam ex­trac­tion, PAMELA em­ploys ver­ti­cal ex­trac­tion using large a aper­ture kick­er mag­net. In the paper, the de­tail of the ex­trac­tion scheme, hard­ware spec­i­fi­ca­tions are dis­cussed.

• M. Aslaninejad, M.J. Easton
  Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
• J. Pasternak, J.K. Pozimski
  STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• K.J. Peach, T. Yokoi
  JAI, Oxford

For the PAMELA med­i­cal non-scal­ing FFAG, car­bon 6+ as well as pro­ton par­ti­cles are re­quired. The gen­er­al in­jec­tion lay­out based on a cy­clotron for pro­ton and a Linac for car­bon is con­sid­ered. There are two op­tions for pre-ac­cel­er­at­ing car­bon ions for PAMELA, ei­ther ac­cel­er­at­ing car­bon with the charge state 4+ from the ion source and strip­ping after the pre-ac­cel­er­a­tor or di­rect­ly ac­cel­er­at­ing car­bon 6+ ions all the way from the ion source. For both op­tions so­lu­tion has been in­ves­ti­gat­ed. Sim­u­la­tions of beam dy­nam­ics for both par­ti­cle species are pre­sent­ed. The re­sult­ing schemes based on ei­ther the sin­gle turn or mul­ti­turn in­jec­tion into the first FFAG ring are dis­cussed.

• M. Aslaninejad, M.J. Easton, J. Pasternak, J.K. Pozimski
  Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
• K.J. Peach, T. Yokoi
  JAI, Oxford

The PAMELA med­i­cal FFAG com­plex under de­sign in the UK, aims to op­er­ate with both pro­ton and car­bon beams for hadron ther­a­py. Medi­um en­er­gy beam trans­fer(MEBT) of PAMELA con­sists of the pro­ton beam line com­ing out of the in­jec­tor cy­clotron, car­bon beam trans­fer from the in­de­pen­dent car­bon 6+ in­jec­tor linac, switch­ing dipole when both beam merge and trans­fer line to­ward the PAMELA NS-FFAG. The MEBT lay­out and de­sign, which needs to in­cor­po­rate the beam chop­per for the in­ten­si­ty mod­u­la­tion are dis­cussed. The care­ful match­ing of op­ti­cal func­tions be­tween var­i­ous com­po­nents in the MEBT and beam dy­nam­ics sim­u­la­tions are pre­sent­ed.

• F. Méot
  CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
• Y. Giboudot
  Brunel University, Middlesex
• D.J. Kelliher
  STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• T. Yokoi
  JAI, Oxford

The Elec­tron Model for Many Ap­pli­ca­tions FFAG (EMMA) has been the ob­ject of ex­ten­sive beam dy­nam­ics sim­u­la­tions dur­ing its de­sign and con­struc­tion phas­es, using the ray-trac­ing code Zgoubi, which has been re­tained as the on-line sim­u­la­tion en­gine. On the other hand EMMA com­mis­sion­ing re­quires fur­ther ad­vanced beam dy­nam­ics stud­ies as well as on-line and off-line sim­u­la­tions. This con­tri­bu­tion re­ports on some as­pects of the stud­ies so per­formed dur­ing the last months using Zgoubi.

• J. Pasternak, L.J. Jenner, Y. Uchida
  Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
• R.J. Barlow
  UMAN, Manchester
• K.M. Hock, B.D. Muratori
  Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
• D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida, C.R. Prior
  STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• Y. Kuno, A. Sato
  Osaka University, Osaka
• A. Kurup
  Fermilab, Batavia
• J.-B. Lagrange, Y. Mori
  KURRI, Osaka
• M. Lancaster
  UCL, London
• S.A. Martin
  FZJ, Jülich
• C. Ohmori
  KEK/JAEA, Ibaraki-Ken
• J. Pasternak
  STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• S.L. Smith
  STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
• H. Witte, T. Yokoi
  JAI, Oxford

The next gen­er­a­tion of lep­ton flavour vi­o­la­tion ex­per­i­ments will use high in­ten­si­ty and high qual­i­ty muon beams. Such beams can be pro­duced by send­ing a short pro­ton pulse to the pion pro­duc­tion tar­get, cap­tur­ing pions and per­form­ing RF phase ro­ta­tion on the re­sult­ing muon beam in an FFAG ring, which was pro­posed for the PRISM pro­ject. A PRISM task force was cre­at­ed to ad­dress the ac­cel­er­a­tor and de­tec­tor is­sues that need to be solved in order to re­alise the PRISM ex­per­i­ment. The pa­ram­e­ters of the ini­tial pro­ton beam re­quired and the PRISM ex­per­i­ment are re­viewed. Al­ter­na­tive de­signs of the PRISM FFAG ring are pre­sent­ed and com­pared with the ref­er­ence de­sign. The ring in­jec­tion/ex­trac­tion sys­tem, match­ing with the solenoid chan­nel and progress on the ring's main hard­ware sys­tems like RF and kick­er mag­net are dis­cussed. The ac­tiv­i­ty on the sim­u­la­tion of a high sen­si­tiv­i­ty ex­per­i­ment and the im­pact on physics reach is de­scribed. The progress and fu­ture di­rec­tions of the study are pre­sent­ed in this paper.

• T.R. Edgecock
  STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• C.D. Beard, J.A. Clarke, S.A. Griffiths, C. Hill, S.P. Jamison, J.K. Jones, A. Kalinin, K.B. Marinov, N. Marks, P.A. McIntosh, B.D. Muratori, J.F. Orrett, Y.M. Saveliev, B.J.A. Shepherd, R.J. Smith, S.L. Smith, S.I. Tzenov, A.E. Wheelhouse
  STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
• J.S. Berg
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• N. Bliss, B.G. Martlew, C.J. White
  STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
• M.K. Craddock
  UBC & TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia
• J.L. Crisp, C. Johnstone
  Fermilab, Batavia
• Y. Giboudot
  Brunel University, Middlesex
• E. Keil
  CERN, Geneva
• D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida
  STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• S.R. Koscielniak
  TRIUMF, Vancouver
• F. Méot
  CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette
• J. Pasternak
  Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
• S.L. Sheehy, T. Yokoi
  JAI, Oxford

The Elec­tron Model for Many Ap­pli­ca­tions (EMMA) will be the World's first non-scal­ing FFAG and is under con­struc­tion at the STFC Dares­bury Lab­o­ra­to­ry in the UK. Con­struc­tion is due for com­ple­tion in March 2010 and will be fol­lowed by com­mis­sion­ing with beam and a de­tailed ex­per­i­men­tal pro­gramme to study the func­tion­ing of this type of ac­cel­er­a­tor. This paper will give an overview of the mo­ti­va­tion for the pro­ject and de­scribe the EMMA de­sign and hard­ware. The first re­sults from com­mis­sion­ing will be pre­sent­ed in a sep­a­rate paper.