| Paper | Title | Page |
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| TUPEC019 | Improved DC Gun Insulator Assembly | 1755 |
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Many user facilities such as synchrotron radiation light sources and free electron lasers require accelerating structures that support electric fields of 10-100 MV/m, especially at the start of the accelerator chain where ceramic insulators are used for very high gradient DC guns. These insulators are difficult to manufacture, require long commissioning times, and often exhibit poor reliability. Two technical approaches to solving this problem will be investigated. Firstly, inverted ceramics offer solutions for reduced gradients between the electrodes and ground. An inverted design will be presented for 350 kV, with maximum gradients in the range of 5-10 MV/m. Secondly, novel ceramic manufacturing processes will be studied, in order to protect triple junction locations from emission, by applying a coating with a bulk resistivity. The processes for creating this coating will be optimized to provide protection as well as be used to coat a ceramic with an appropriate gradient in bulk resistivity from the vacuum side to the air side of an HV standoff ceramic cylinder. Example insulator designs are being computer modelled, and insulator samples are being manufactured and tested |
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| WEPEC060 | Beam Pipe HOM Absorber for 750 MHz RF Cavities | 3028 |
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Superconducting RF (SRF) systems typically contain unwanted frequencies or higher order modes (HOM). For storage ring and linac applications, these higher modes must be damped by absorbing them in ferrite and other lossy ceramic materials. Typically, these absorbers are brazed to substrates that are strategically located, often in the drift tubes adjacent to the SRF cavity. These HOM loads must have broadband microwave loss characteristics and be robust both thermally and mechanically, but the ferrites and their attachments are weak under tensile and thermal stresses and tend to crack. Based on existing work on HOM loads for high current storage rings and for an ERL injector cryomodule, a HOM absorber with improved materials and design will be developed for high-gradient 750 MHz superconducting cavity systems for storage ring and linac radiation sources. This work will build on novel construction techniques to maintain the ferrite in mechanical compression without brazing. 750 MHz RF system designs will be numerically modeled to determine the optimum ferrite load required to meet broadband loss specifications. |
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| WEPEC061 | Novel Crab Cavity RF Design | 3031 |
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The design and construction of electron-ion colliders will be facilitated by the development of an SRF "crab crossing" cavity with 0.5 to 1.5 GHz frequency and 20 to 50 MV integrated voltage. These RF cavities provide a transverse kick to the particle beam. Current state of the art crab cavities provide 2-5 MV of integrated voltage, and most of the existing designs require complex schemes to damp unwanted RF modes. We propose a novel system for implementing TEM-like two-bar structures. Two phase-locked sources 180° out of phase each drive a half-wavelength coax antenna inside of a cavity designed for the fewest possible unwanted modes. The cavity design will required a high-Q system composed of coax windows designed for maximizing the shunt impedance of the structure. A series of cavities could be installed in a beam line, and individual phase adjustment for each module will accommodate their longitudinal spacing and will provide the required integrated voltage. |
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| WEPEC062 | High Power Coax Window | 3034 |
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A superconducting RF (SRF) power coupler capable of handling 500 kW CW RF power is required for present and future storage rings and linacs. There are over 35 coupler designs for SRF cavities ranging in frequency from 325 to 1500 MHz. Coupler windows vary from cylinders to cones to disks, and RF power couplers are limited by the ability of ceramic windows to withstand the stresses due to heating and mechanical flexure. We propose a novel robust co-axial SRF coupler design which uses compressed window technology. This technology will allow the use of highly thermally conductive materials for cryogenic windows. Using compressed window techniques on disk co-axial windows will make significant improvements in the power handling of SRF couplers. We present the bench test results of two window assemblies back to back, as well as individual window VSWR in EIA3.125 coax. A vacuum test assembly was made and the windows baked out at 155C. The processes used to build windows is scalable to larger diameter coax and to higher power levels. |
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| THPEB058 | Phase and Frequency Locked Magnetrons for SRF Sources | 4005 |
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Typically, high power sources for accelerator applications are multi-megawatt microwave tubes that may be combined together to form ultra-high-power localized power stations. The RF power is then distributed to multiple strings of cavities through high power waveguide systems which are problematic in terms of expense, efficiency, and reliability. Magnetrons are the lowest cost microwave source in dollars/kW, and they have the highest efficiency (typically greater than 85%). However, the frequency stability and phase stability of magnetrons are not adequate, when magnetrons are used as power sources for accelerators. Novel variable frequency cavity techniques have been developed which will be utilized to phase and frequency lock magnetrons, allowing their use for either individual cavities, or cavity strings. Ferrite or YIG (Yttrium Iron Garnet) materials will be attached in the regions of high magnetic field of radial-vaned, π−mode structures of a selected ordinary magnetron. A variable external magnetic field that is orthogonal to the magnetic RF field of the magnetron will surround the magnetron to vary the permeability of the ferrite or YIG material. |
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| THPEB059 | Adjustable High Power Coax RF Coupler with No Moving Parts | 4008 |
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An extremely low emittance RF gun is being designed for the X-ray Free Electron Laser Oscillator (XFEL-O), which is now being proposed by ANL. An adjustable coupling factor for this gun is very desirable for providing operational flexibility. What is required is a fundamental RF power coupler (FPC), adjustable in situ, that can operate at 100 MHz and 200 kW CW. If rotational motion is used in the adjustable coupler, it is usually necessary to break the vacuum between the coupler and the RF cavity, thereby risking prolonged down-times and the introduction of contaminants into the vacuum system. We propose a novel system for adjusting the coupling coefficient of coaxial couplers to allow for individual control and adjustments to the RF fields under different beam loading scenarios. The RF coupler has no movable parts and relies on a ferrite tuner assembly, coax TEE, and double windows to provide a VSWR of better than 1.05:1 and a bandwidth of at least 8 MHz at 1.15:1. The ferrite tuner assembly on the stub end of the coax TEE uses an applied DC magnetic field to change the Qext and the RF coupling coefficient, β, between the RF input and the cavity. |
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| THPEC074 | High Current Density Lithium Ion Source | 4229 |
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Induction linear accelerators are featured in accelerator-based research currently supported by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. Over the next few years, the research will concentrate on developing intense ion sources and on studying the physics of spatial compression, neutralized transport, and focusing of the beam. The large diameter of lithium alumino-silicate ion emitters for large currents represents the current state of the art for emission densities of 1-1.5 mA/cm2. Also, operating temperatures of the surface are limited by the temperature of alumina-potted heater packages. We propose a novel system for increasing the emission of lithium ions from β-eucryptite through modification of the surface morphology by sputter etching with argon plus other gases. The resulting local field enhancement will increase the ion emission over that of a microscopically flat surface. In addition, a free-standing graphite heater assembly will be used to increase the temperature of the surface of the emission source. |