CERN, Geneva
RAYSCAN, Meersburg
For the inspection of certain critical elements of the LHC machine a mobile computed tomography system has been developed and built. This instrument has to satisfy stringent space, volume and weight requirements in order to be usable and transportable to any interconnection location in the LHC tunnel. Particular regions of interest in the interconnection zones between adjacent magnets are the plug in modules (PIM), the soldered splices in the superconducting bus-bars and the interior of the quench diode container. This system permits detailed inspection of these regions without needing to break the cryo vacuum. Limited access for the x-ray tube and the detector required the development of a special type of partial tomography, together with suitable reconstruction techniques for 3 D volume generation from radiographic projections. We present the layout of the complete machine and the limited angle tomography as well as a number of radiographic and tomographic inspection results.
CERN, Geneva
SMI, Vienna
The hyperfine transition frequency of hydrogen is known to a very high precision and therefore the measurement of this transition frequency in antihydrogen is offering one of the most accurate tests of CPT symmetry. The ASACUSA collaboration will run an experiment designed to produce ground state antihydrogen atoms in a CUSP trap. These antihydrogen atoms will pass with a low rate in the order of 1 per second through a spin-flip cavity where they get excited depending on their polarization by a 1.42 GHz magnetic field. Due to the small amount of antihydrogen atoms that will be available the requirement of good field homogeneity is imposed in order to obtain an interaction with as many antihydrogen atoms as possible. This leads to a requirement of an RF field deviation of less than ± 10 % transverse to the beam direction over a beam aperture with 100 mm diameter. All design aspects of this new spin-flip cavity, including the required field homogeneity and vacuum aspects, are discussed.
CERN, Geneva
EPFL, Lausanne
Chalmers University of Technology, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, Gothenburg
Electron cloud is a limitation to increasing the beam current in the CERN SPS in the frame of an intensity upgrade of the LHC complex. Coating the vacuum chamber with a thin amorphous carbon layer is expected to reduce the electron cloud build-up. Three SPS straight sections have been coated to study the performance of this carbon coating. The microwave transmission method is one possible way to monitor electron cloud and hence to test the effect of the coating. In this paper the evolution of the experimental setup for measurements of the electron cloud using LHC type beams with different bunch spacing will be described. Due to the low revolution frequency of about 43 kHz serious electromagnetic compatibility problems and intermodulation have been found. These effects and their mitigation are described. Finally we present the measurement results illustrating the possible reduction due to the carbon coating.
CSIC, Madrid
CERN, Geneva
UAM, Madrid
ESA-ESTEC, NOORDWIJK
We are presenting first results of direct measurements of the secondary electron emission yield (SEY) for several magnetic materials like ferrites at energies of primary electrons from 5 to 1000 eV. In order to minimize the impact of surface charging, the primary electron beam had a short pulse modulation of 400ns with a very low repetition rate. This paper discusses a method of developing a secondary-electron-suppressing highly textured ferrite surface with low SEY by depositing a layer of very fine ferrite particles onto a substrate. The experimental results indicate that the SEY of the particulate ferrite surfaces is much lower than that of flat ferrites. In comparison we have confirmed that ordinary carbon coating with rather large grain size returns SEY value close to unity. However, a surface with very finely powdered carbon has a much smaller secondary emission yield of about 0.5, but the adhesion of these carbon powders to the surface is often not reliable enough for many applications. As a remarkable fact it has been found that gold- and also carbon-coated ferrites have SEY peak values lower than unity up to 1000eV.
EPFL, Lausanne
CERN, Geneva
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma)
Honorary CERN Staff Member, Grand-Saconnex
The beam coupling impedance of the CERN SPS is expected to be one of the limitations to an intensity upgrade of the LHC complex. In order to be able to reduce the SPS impedance, its main contributors need to be identified. An impedance model for the SPS has been gathered from theoretical calculations, electromagnetic simulations and bench measurements of single SPS elements. The current model accounts for the longitudinal and transverse impedance of the kickers, the horizontal and vertical electrostatic beam position monitors, the RF cavities and the 6.7 km beam pipe. In order to assess the validity of this model, macroparticle simulations of a bunch interacting with this updated SPS impedance model are compared to measurements performed with the SPS beam.
CERN, Geneva
IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Moscow Region
TRIUMF, Vancouver
The LHC has two dedicated cleaning insertions: IR3 for momentum cleaning and IR7 for betatron cleaning. The collimation system has been specified and built with tight mechanical tolerances (e.g. jaw flatness ~ 40 μm) and is designed to achieve a high accuracy and reproducibility of the jaw positions. The practically achievable cleaning efficiency of the present Phase-I system depends on the precision of the jaw centering around the beam, the accuracy of the gap size and the jaw parallelism against the beam. The reproducibility and stability of the system is important to avoid the frequent repetition of beam based alignment which is currently a lengthy procedure. Within this paper we describe the method used for the beam based alignment of the LHC collimation system, its achieved accuracy and stability and its performance at 450GeV.
CERN, Geneva
University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe
In many particle accelerators considerable amounts of RF power reaching the megawatt level are converted into heat in dummy loads. After an overview of RF power in the range 200 MHz to 1 GHz dissipated at CERN we discuss several developments that had come up in the past using vacuum tube technology for RF-DC conversion. Amongst those the developments the cyclotron wave converter CWC appears most suitable. With the availability of powerful Schottky diodes the solid state converter aspect has to be addressed as well. One of the biggest problems of Schottky diode based structures is the junction capacity. GaAs and GaN Schottky diodes show a significant reduction of this junction capacity as compared to silicon. Small rectenna type converter units which had been already developed for microwave powered helicopters can be used in waveguides or with coaxial power dividers.