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- P. Gomes, F. Antoniotti, F. Aragon, F. Bellorini, S. Blanchard, J-P. Boivin, N. Chatzigeorgiou, F. Daligault, R. Ferreira, J. Fraga, J. Gama, A. Gutierrez, P. Krakówski, H.F. Pereira, G. Pigny, P.P. Prieto, B. Rio, H. Vestergard
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- L. Kopylov, S. Merker, M.S. Mikheev
IHEP, Moscow Region, Russia
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For two years (Spring 2013 - Spring 2015), the LHC went through its first long shutdown (LS1). It was mainly motivated by the consolidation of magnet interconnects, to allow operation with 6.5 TeV proton beams. Moreover, around the accelerator complex, many other systems were repaired, consolidated or upgraded, and several new installations came to life. The standardization of vacuum controls has progressed in the injectors, with the renovation of most of their obsolete equipment. In the LHC, many new instruments were added, the signal transmission integrity was improved, and the exposure to radiation was reduced in critical places. Several developments were needed for new equipment types or new operational requirements.
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