GANIL, Caen
The Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL) facility (Caen, France) is dedicated to the acceleration of heavy ion beams for nuclear physics, atomic physics, radiobiology and material irradiation. The production of stable and radioactive ion beams for nuclear physics studies represents the main part of the activity. Two complementary methods are used for exotic beam production: the Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL, the SPIRAL1 facility) and the In-Flight Separation techniques (IFS). SPIRAL1, the ISOL facility, is running since 2001, producing and post-accelerating radioactive ion beams. The running modes of the accelerators are recalled as well as a review of the operation from 2001 to 2008. A point is done on the way we managed the high intensity ion beam transport issues and constraints which allows the exotic beam production improvement.
JINR/FLNR, Dubna
Four heavy ions cyclotrons are in operation at FLNR now. Heavy ion beams used for super heavy elements synthesis, RIB production and application. Plan for seven years accelerator development and operation are presented.
Osaka University/RCNP, Osaka
The Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP) cyclotron cascade system has been operated to provide high quality beams for various experiments. In order to increase the physics opportunities, the Azimuthally Varying Field (AVF) cyclotron facility was upgraded recently. A flat-topping system and an 18-GHz superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source were introduced to improve the beam’s quality and intensity. A new beam line was installed to diagnose the characteristics of the beam to be injected into the ring cyclotron and to bypass the ring cyclotron and directly transport low energy beams from the AVF cyclotron to experimental halls. A separator is equipped to provide RI beams produced by fusion reactions at low energy and by projectile fragmentations at high energy. Development has continued to realize the designed performance of these systems.
RIKEN, Wako
At RIKEN RIB-factory (RIBF) an accelerator complex as an energy booster which consists of superconducting ring cyclotron (SRC), intermediate-stage ring cyclotron (IRC) and fixed-frequency ring cyclotron (FRC) provides very heavy ion beams like uranium with an energy of 345 MeV/u. The total beam power obtained up to now at the SRC is as high as 3 kW in the case of 48Ca with an intensity of 170 pnA. Recently we have succeeded in achieving stable and reliable operation of rf system for new cyclotrons. In this paper the present performance of the rf system and a recent development is reported.
PSI, Villigen
HMI, Berlin
A cyclotron based system for hadron therapy is developed, which allows a phased installation: start with protons and Helium ions and add Carbon ions later. The concept is based on an accelerator system of two coupled cyclotrons. The first cyclotron provides protons or He ions that can be used for the full spectrum of treatments and “low energy” C-ions, with a range of 12.7 cm in water for a subset of tumours and radiobiological experiments. For treatments at all tumor sites with C-ions, the C-ions can be boosted subsequently up to 450 MeV/nucl in a separate sector cyclotron, consisting of six sector magnets with superconducting coils and three RF cavities. First studies of the separate sector cyclotron indicate a relatively robust design with straight forward beam dynamics. This system is smaller than corresponding synchrotrons and possesses the typical advantages for therapy applications of a cyclotron. Present efforts to optimize the design of the superconducting sector magnets indicate that the introduction of a radial gradient in the sector would have many advantages.
INFN/LNS, Catania
Catania University/Dept. Phys. and Eng., Catania
The study of the Superconducting Cyclotron named SCENT300 was carried out by the accelerator R&D team of Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS-INFN) of Catania in collaboration with the University of Catania and supported by IBA (Belgium). Combining the compactness of a superconducting cyclotron, with the advantage of this kind of machine as its continuous beam and its very good current control, the accelerator R&D group of LNS, by its ten-year of experience with this kind of machine, has developed a concept for a multiparticle therapy cyclotron which is described in the following report.
CAS/IMP, Lanzhou
Funding: Work supported by NSFC project 10635090.
CSR is a new ion cooler-storage-ring system in IMP, Lanzhou, China, which consists of a main ring (CSRm) and an experimental ring (CSRe) with two previous cyclotrons SFC (K=69) and SSC (K=450) as the injectors. The main construction of CSR was completed in 2005. It was being commissioned in the following two years. In 2008 the main purposes of CSR was focused on the primary 78Kr beam with kinetic energy up to 500MeV/u for precise mass spectroscopy at CSRe at isochronous mode. The cancer therapy phase-II in IMP with 100- 250MeV/u carbon beam from CSRm was tested and 6 patients with tumors in the heads were treated successfully.
MPI-K, Heidelberg
Several experiments at the heavy ion storage ring TSR have shown the feasibility of wide range, efficient acceleration and deceleration. The newly developed method of mass selective acceleration enables an effective separation of ion species with relative mass differences of ∆m/m = 3.7 · 10-4. Parabola shaped short bunch lengths were measured for an electron cooled 50 MeV 12C6+ ion beam in the space charge limit. To overcome the space charge limit the TSR was operated at a momentum compaction of α = 1.57.
MPI-K, Heidelberg
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot
TU Dresden, Dresden
UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve
A novel next generation electrostatic Cryogenic Storage Ring (CSR) for heavy ions, molecules and clusters up to bio-molecules in the energy range of 20-300 keV is under construction at MPI Heidelberg. A unique feature of this ring is the possibility to operate it at all temperatures between room temperature down to 2 K. Operation at cryogenic temperatures is inevitably necessary to investigate the properties and reaction modes of molecular ions in their ground state as ,e.g., in interstellar environment. Therefore only cold wall surfaces have to be used to eliminate black body radiation exciting molecular quantum states. In addition, surfaces of 2-10 K will act as a large cryo-pump, expected to achieve a vacuum of better than 10-15 mbar (corresponding to 10-13 mbar at room temperature), which is mandatory for sufficiently large storage times for slow heavy ions. Considerable progress towards realization of this technologically ambitious project can be reported. The detailed layout of the storage ring CSR has been defined. A 2 K-21 W helium refrigerator system was designed, ordered and successfully commissioned at MPI, where it is now in operation to cool the prototype cryostat with its cryogenic ion trap CTF to 2 K temperature.