ECRIS2010 - List of Authors (Biri, S.)

Paper

Title

Page

Status of Ion Sources at HIMAC

20

A. Kitagawa, M. Muramatsu, Y. Sakamoto
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
S. Biri
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
A.G. Drentje
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
T.F. Fujita
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
T. Sakuma, N. Sasaki, T. Sasano, W. Takasugi
AEC, Chiba, Japan

Since 1994, heavy-ion radiotherapy using carbon ions is successfully carried out with the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). Over 5000 cancer patients have already been treated with 140-400 MeV/u carbon beams. These clinical results have clearly verified the advantages of carbon ion. The ion source needs to realize a stable beam with the same conditions for daily operation. Maintenance is restricted to once per year. However, the deposition of carbon on the wall of the plasma chamber is normally unavoidable. This causes an ‘anti-wall-coating effect’, i.e. a decreasing of the beam (typically 50 % after a few months of operation), especially for the higher charge-state ions due to the surface material of the wall. The ion source has - even in this bad condition – still to produce a sufficiently intense and stable beam. We summarize our experience during 16 years of operation and show the scope for further developments. HIMAC is dedicated to radiotherapy, but it has as a second essential task to operate as a facility for physicist users. In that scope it accelerates many ion species for basic experiments. In order to serve all HIMAC users at best, the extension of the range of ion species is an important subject in ion source development. For example, in order to increase the ECRIS-beam intensity for heavier ions, microwave is applied at different frequencies by a traveling wave tube amplifier and….?

Slides MOCOBK03 [2.780 MB]

MOCOCK05

Multigan®: a New Multicharged Ion Source Based on Axisymetric Magnetic Structure

37

L. Maunoury, P. Delahaye, M. Dubois, P. Jardin, P. Lehérissier, M. Michel, J.Y. Pacquet
GANIL, Caen, France
S. Biri
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
X. Donzel, G. Gaubert, R. Leroy, A.C.C. Villari
PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France
C. Pierret
CIMAP, Caen, France

Standard ECR ion sources have radial magnetic field created by a multi-pole, e.g. hexapole or higher order, which fills all space in the center of the source structure. Based on the Monogan® ECRIS [1] concept, a new multicharged ECR ions source has been designed with a large opening space in the center of the source structure. This particular design allows, in a first approach, direct radial contact with the ECR plasma, allowing positioning of probes and targets for radioactive beam production very close to the plasma region. Secondly, the absence of a multi-pole allows considering extremely high magnetic fields with significantly smaller structural constraints. This source is combining the advantages of the axisymetric magnetic feature of Monogan® with higher frequencies. This paper will describe the magnetic structure calculation as well as the mechanical design and stresses of a full permanent magnet ion source using this concept. This source will be the first prototype of such an ECR ion source. Finally, using TrapCad code [2], an estimation of the electronic energy distribution has been calculated and thus, the performance of the source has been deduced. The beam formation and extraction were also roughly calculated taking into account magnetic and electric fields.
[1] P. Jardin et al., Review of Scientific Instruments, 73, 789 (2002).
[2] L. Maunoury et al., Plasma Sources Science and Technology , 18, 015019 (2009).

Slides MOCOCK05 [5.532 MB]

MOPOT002

Two-Chamber Configuration of the Bio-Nano ECRIS

43

T. Uchida, H. Minezaki, Y. Yoshida
Toyo University, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan
T. Asaji, K. Tanaka
Tateyama Machine Co. Ltd., Toyama-shi, Japan
S. Biri, R. Rácz
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
Y. Kato
Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
A. Kitagawa, M. Muramatsu
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan

The Bio-Nano ECRIS was designed for new materials production on nano-scale [1]. Our main target is the endohedral fullerene, which have potential in medical care, biotechnology and nanotechnology. In particular, iron-encapsulated fullerene can be applied as a contrast material for magnetic resonance imaging or microwave heat therapy. There are several promising approaches to produce the endohedral fullerenes using an ECRIS. One of them is the ion-ion collision reaction of fullerenes and aliens ions to be encapsulated in the mixture plasma of them. Another way is the shooting of ion beam into a pre-prepared fullerene layer. In this study, the new device configuration of the Bio-Nano ECRIS is reported which allows the application of both methods. The plasma chamber is divided into two chambers by installing mesh electrodes. In the gas injection-side 1st chamber at 2.45 GHz plasmas (N₂, Ar, He, Fe,) are produced on the usual way. These ions then are extracted to the 2nd chamber where an evaporation boat for fullerene is installed. The fullerene neutrals can be ionized (using 10 GHz in the 2nd chamber) and are deposited on a large plasma electrode where they are continuously irradiated by the ions from the 1st chamber. The ions produced either in the 1st or 2nd chamber can be in-situ extracted and analyzed. The basic concept and the preliminary results using Ar gas and N₂ gas plasmas will be presented.
[1] T. Uchida et al., Proc. ECRIS08, Chicago, USA, pp. 27-31 (2008)

Poster MOPOT002 [6.248 MB]

TUPOT005

An ECR Table Plasma Generator

124

R. Rácz, S. Biri
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
J. Pálinkás
DU, Debrecen, Hungary

A simple ECR plasma device was built in our lab using the “spare parts” of the ATOMKI ECR ion source. We call it “ECR table plasma generator”. It consists of a relatively big plasma chamber (ID=10 cm, L=40 cm) in a thin NdFeB hexapole magnet with independent vacuum and gas dosing systems. For microwave coupling two low power TWTAs can be applied individually or simultaneously, operating in the 6-18 GHz range. There is no axial magnetic field and there is no extraction. The intended fields of usage of the plasma generator are:

A simple, cheap and safe educational working place for students.
To prepare, to test or to simulate measurements with electrostatic movable Langmuir probes. The exchange time of the (damaged) probes is very short.
To prepare, to test or to simulate plasma diagnostic measurements in the visible light and X-ray ranges using cameras and spectrometers.
To cover and/or to modify solid surfaces with plasma particles, including fullerenes.

In the paper the technical details of the plasma generator and some preliminary plasma photo results are shown.

Poster TUPOT005 [0.871 MB]

WECOAK03

Studies of the ECR Plasma in the Visible Light Range

168

S. Biri, R. Rácz
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
J. Pálinkás
DU, Debrecen, Hungary

In order to investigate experimentally ECR plasmas one way is to record their optical spectra or photos in the infra-red, visible light (VL), ultra-violet or X-ray regions. The measurements and analysis of photos and spectra taken in any of these regions are usually affordable tasks. The non-destroying nature of this method is certainly an advantage, but the drawback is that the recorded information in most cases means integration over a specific line-of-sight in the plasma volume. Recently high resolution VL plasma photographs were taken at the ATOMKI-ECRIS using an 8 megapixel digital camera. Plasmas were generated from eight gases (He, methane, N, O, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) and from their mixtures. The analysis of the photo series gave us many qualitative and numerous valuable physical information on the nature of ECR plasmas [1, 2]. It is a further challenging task to understand the colors of this special type of plasmas. The colors can be determined by the VL electron transitions of the plasma atoms and ions. Through the examples of He and Xe we analyze the physical processes which effects the characteristic colors of these plasmas.
[1] Rácz R., Biri S., Pálinkás J.: Electron cyclotron resonance plasma photos. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 (2010) 02B708.
[2] Rácz R., Biri S., Pálinkás J.: ECR Plasma Photographs as Plasma Diagnostic. Submitted to Plasma Sources Science and Technology.

Slides WECOAK03 [1.573 MB]

Paper	Title	Page
MOCOBK03	Status of Ion Sources at HIMAC	20
	A. Kitagawa, M. Muramatsu, Y. Sakamoto NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan S. Biri ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary A.G. Drentje KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands T.F. Fujita National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan T. Sakuma, N. Sasaki, T. Sasano, W. Takasugi AEC, Chiba, Japan
	Since 1994, heavy-ion radiotherapy using carbon ions is successfully carried out with the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). Over 5000 cancer patients have already been treated with 140-400 MeV/u carbon beams. These clinical results have clearly verified the advantages of carbon ion. The ion source needs to realize a stable beam with the same conditions for daily operation. Maintenance is restricted to once per year. However, the deposition of carbon on the wall of the plasma chamber is normally unavoidable. This causes an ‘anti-wall-coating effect’, i.e. a decreasing of the beam (typically 50 % after a few months of operation), especially for the higher charge-state ions due to the surface material of the wall. The ion source has - even in this bad condition – still to produce a sufficiently intense and stable beam. We summarize our experience during 16 years of operation and show the scope for further developments. HIMAC is dedicated to radiotherapy, but it has as a second essential task to operate as a facility for physicist users. In that scope it accelerates many ion species for basic experiments. In order to serve all HIMAC users at best, the extension of the range of ion species is an important subject in ion source development. For example, in order to increase the ECRIS-beam intensity for heavier ions, microwave is applied at different frequencies by a traveling wave tube amplifier and….?
	Slides MOCOBK03 [2.780 MB]

MOCOCK05	Multigan®: a New Multicharged Ion Source Based on Axisymetric Magnetic Structure	37
	L. Maunoury, P. Delahaye, M. Dubois, P. Jardin, P. Lehérissier, M. Michel, J.Y. Pacquet GANIL, Caen, France S. Biri ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary X. Donzel, G. Gaubert, R. Leroy, A.C.C. Villari PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France C. Pierret CIMAP, Caen, France
	Standard ECR ion sources have radial magnetic field created by a multi-pole, e.g. hexapole or higher order, which fills all space in the center of the source structure. Based on the Monogan® ECRIS [1] concept, a new multicharged ECR ions source has been designed with a large opening space in the center of the source structure. This particular design allows, in a first approach, direct radial contact with the ECR plasma, allowing positioning of probes and targets for radioactive beam production very close to the plasma region. Secondly, the absence of a multi-pole allows considering extremely high magnetic fields with significantly smaller structural constraints. This source is combining the advantages of the axisymetric magnetic feature of Monogan® with higher frequencies. This paper will describe the magnetic structure calculation as well as the mechanical design and stresses of a full permanent magnet ion source using this concept. This source will be the first prototype of such an ECR ion source. Finally, using TrapCad code [2], an estimation of the electronic energy distribution has been calculated and thus, the performance of the source has been deduced. The beam formation and extraction were also roughly calculated taking into account magnetic and electric fields. [1] P. Jardin et al., Review of Scientific Instruments, 73, 789 (2002). [2] L. Maunoury et al., Plasma Sources Science and Technology , 18, 015019 (2009).
	Slides MOCOCK05 [5.532 MB]

MOPOT002	Two-Chamber Configuration of the Bio-Nano ECRIS	43
	T. Uchida, H. Minezaki, Y. Yoshida Toyo University, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan T. Asaji, K. Tanaka Tateyama Machine Co. Ltd., Toyama-shi, Japan S. Biri, R. Rácz ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary Y. Kato Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan A. Kitagawa, M. Muramatsu NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
	The Bio-Nano ECRIS was designed for new materials production on nano-scale [1]. Our main target is the endohedral fullerene, which have potential in medical care, biotechnology and nanotechnology. In particular, iron-encapsulated fullerene can be applied as a contrast material for magnetic resonance imaging or microwave heat therapy. There are several promising approaches to produce the endohedral fullerenes using an ECRIS. One of them is the ion-ion collision reaction of fullerenes and aliens ions to be encapsulated in the mixture plasma of them. Another way is the shooting of ion beam into a pre-prepared fullerene layer. In this study, the new device configuration of the Bio-Nano ECRIS is reported which allows the application of both methods. The plasma chamber is divided into two chambers by installing mesh electrodes. In the gas injection-side 1st chamber at 2.45 GHz plasmas (N₂, Ar, He, Fe,) are produced on the usual way. These ions then are extracted to the 2nd chamber where an evaporation boat for fullerene is installed. The fullerene neutrals can be ionized (using 10 GHz in the 2nd chamber) and are deposited on a large plasma electrode where they are continuously irradiated by the ions from the 1st chamber. The ions produced either in the 1st or 2nd chamber can be in-situ extracted and analyzed. The basic concept and the preliminary results using Ar gas and N₂ gas plasmas will be presented. [1] T. Uchida et al., Proc. ECRIS08, Chicago, USA, pp. 27-31 (2008)
	Poster MOPOT002 [6.248 MB]

TUPOT005	An ECR Table Plasma Generator	124
	R. Rácz, S. Biri ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary J. Pálinkás DU, Debrecen, Hungary
	A simple ECR plasma device was built in our lab using the “spare parts” of the ATOMKI ECR ion source. We call it “ECR table plasma generator”. It consists of a relatively big plasma chamber (ID=10 cm, L=40 cm) in a thin NdFeB hexapole magnet with independent vacuum and gas dosing systems. For microwave coupling two low power TWTAs can be applied individually or simultaneously, operating in the 6-18 GHz range. There is no axial magnetic field and there is no extraction. The intended fields of usage of the plasma generator are: A simple, cheap and safe educational working place for students. To prepare, to test or to simulate measurements with electrostatic movable Langmuir probes. The exchange time of the (damaged) probes is very short. To prepare, to test or to simulate plasma diagnostic measurements in the visible light and X-ray ranges using cameras and spectrometers. To cover and/or to modify solid surfaces with plasma particles, including fullerenes. In the paper the technical details of the plasma generator and some preliminary plasma photo results are shown.
	Poster TUPOT005 [0.871 MB]

WECOAK03	Studies of the ECR Plasma in the Visible Light Range	168
	S. Biri, R. Rácz ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary J. Pálinkás DU, Debrecen, Hungary
	In order to investigate experimentally ECR plasmas one way is to record their optical spectra or photos in the infra-red, visible light (VL), ultra-violet or X-ray regions. The measurements and analysis of photos and spectra taken in any of these regions are usually affordable tasks. The non-destroying nature of this method is certainly an advantage, but the drawback is that the recorded information in most cases means integration over a specific line-of-sight in the plasma volume. Recently high resolution VL plasma photographs were taken at the ATOMKI-ECRIS using an 8 megapixel digital camera. Plasmas were generated from eight gases (He, methane, N, O, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) and from their mixtures. The analysis of the photo series gave us many qualitative and numerous valuable physical information on the nature of ECR plasmas [1, 2]. It is a further challenging task to understand the colors of this special type of plasmas. The colors can be determined by the VL electron transitions of the plasma atoms and ions. Through the examples of He and Xe we analyze the physical processes which effects the characteristic colors of these plasmas. [1] Rácz R., Biri S., Pálinkás J.: Electron cyclotron resonance plasma photos. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 (2010) 02B708. [2] Rácz R., Biri S., Pálinkás J.: ECR Plasma Photographs as Plasma Diagnostic. Submitted to Plasma Sources Science and Technology.
	Slides WECOAK03 [1.573 MB]