• K. Artoos, C.G.R.L. Collette, P. Fernandez Carmona, M. Guinchard, C. Hauviller, S.M. Janssens, A.M. Kuzmin, F. Lackner, R. Leuxe, A. Slaathaug
  CERN, Geneva

The CLIC main beam quadrupoles need to be stabilized to 1.5 nm integrated R.M.S. displacement at 1 Hz. The choice was made to apply active stabilization with piezoelectric actuators in a rigid support with flexural guides. The advantages of this choice are the robustness against external forces and the possibility to make fast incremental nanometre positioning of the magnet with the same actuators. The study and feasibility demonstration is made in several steps from a single degree of freedom system (s.d.o.f.) with a small mass, a s.d.o.f. with a large mass, leading to the demonstration including the smallest (type 1) and largest (type 4) CLIC main beam quadrupoles. The paper discusses the choices of the position and orientation of the actuators and the tailored rigidities of the flexural hinges in the multi degree of freedom system, and the corresponding MIMO control system. The compatibility with the magnet support and micrometer alignment system is essential. The status of the study and performed tests will be given.

• T. Kume, K. Furukawa, M. Satoh, T. Suwada
  KEK, Ibaraki
• E. Okuyama
  Akita University, Akita

Profile shape measurements detecting profile slope angle, which corresponds to the differential of the profile shape, have been used for evaluating profile shapes highly precisely. They are hardly affected by scanning error in measurement and considered to have advantages for long distance measurements. Here, profile measurement using a level was adopted for straightness alignment of the KEK e-/e⁺ injector linac, considering the straightness alignment as a profile shape measurement. The slope angles between the alignment base plates of the linac could be detected with reproducibility of 10 micro-rad (σ) by sequential measurement interval of 1 to 2 m. The reproducibility of the straightness derived from the angle measurements was 42 micrometer (σ) for 69 m of the measurement distance and agreed well with the estimated value based on our error propagation model. These results show that straightness reproducibility of better than 1 mm (2-σ) can be achieved for 500 m of the KEK e-/e⁺ injector linac by sampling interval of 2m, and for 10 km of the ILC linac by sampling interval of 20 cm.

• M. Satoh, E. Kadokura, T. Suwada
  KEK, Ibaraki

A new laser-based alignment system is under development in order to precisely align accelerator components along an ideal straight line at the KEKB injector linac. The new alignment system is strongly required in order to stably accelerate high-brightness electron and positron beams with high bunch charges and also to keep the beam stability with higher quality towards the next generation of B-factories. A new laser optics with Airy pattern (so-called Airy beam) has been developed and the laser propagation characteristics in vacuum has been systematically investigated at a 82-m-long straight section of a beam line of the injector linac. The laser-based alignment measurement based on the new laser optics has been carried out with a measurement resolution of ±0.1 mm level by using a previously-used laser detection system. The experimental results are reported along with the basic design of the new laser-based alignment system.

• T. Suwada, M. Satoh
  KEK, Ibaraki

A new laser-based alignment system is under development at the KEKB injector linac. We are revisiting our alignment system because the previous alignment system has become obsolete. The new alignment system is again required to increase the stability of the electron- and positron-beam injection towards next-generation of B-factories. It is similar to the previous one, which comprises a laser-diode system and quadrant photodetectors installed in vacuum light pipes. A displacement of a girder unit of the accelerating structure can be precisely measured in the direction of the laser-ray trace, where the laser light must stably propagate up to 500-m-long downstream without any orbital and beam-size fluctuation. A novel approach in which a two-beam-interference laser-light propagates in the vacuum light pipe, has been designed to increase the alignment precision based on the quadrant photodetector measurement. The propagating laser spot sizes can be narrowed due to the two-beam interference over the Rayleigh-range limit. The design of the new laser-based alignment system is summarized along with some experimental results in this report.

• K. Artoos, C.G.R.L. Collette, P. Fernandez Carmona, M. Guinchard, C. Hauviller, S.M. Janssens, A.M. Kuzmin, A. Slaathaug, M.V. Sylte
  CERN, Geneva

A prerequisite for a successful nanometre level magnet stabilization and pointing system is a low background vibration level. This paper will summarize and compare the ground motion measurements made recently in different accelerator environments at e.g. CERN, CESRTA and PSI. Furthermore the paper will give the beginning of an inventory and characterization of some technical noise sources, and their propagation and influence in an accelerator environment. The importance of the magnet support is also mentioned. Finally, some advances in the characterization of the nanometre vibration measurement techniques will be given.