• K.J. Peach, J.H. Cobb, S.L. Sheehy, H. Witte, T. Yokoi
  JAI, Oxford
• M. Aslaninejad, M.J. Easton, J. Pasternak
  Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
• R.J. Barlow, H.L. Owen, S.C. Tygier
  UMAN, Manchester
• C.D. Beard, P.A. McIntosh, S.M. Pattalwar, S.L. Smith, S.I. Tzenov
  STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
• N. Bliss, T.J. Jones, J. Strachan
  STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire
• T.R. Edgecock, J.K. Pozimski
  STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• R.J.L. Fenning, A. Khan
  Brunel University, Middlesex
• I.S.K. Gardner, D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida
  STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• M.A. Hill
  GIROB, Oxford
• C. Johnstone
  Fermilab, Batavia
• B. Jones, B. Vojnovic
  Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Oxford
• R. Seviour
  Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster

The status of PAMELA (Particle Accelerator for MEdicaL Applications) ' an accelerator for proton and light ion therapy using a non-scaling FFAG (ns-FFAG) accelerator ' is reviewed and discussed.

• M.J. Easton, M. Aslaninejad, S. Jolly, J.K. Pozimski
  Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
• K.J. Peach
  JAI, Egham, Surrey

The PAMELA (Particle Accelerator for MEdicaL Applications) project aims to design an ns-FFAG accelerator for cancer therapy using protons and carbon ions. For the injection system for carbon ions, an RFQ is one option for the first stage of acceleration. Our integrated RFQ design process* has been developed further using Comsol Multiphysics for electric field modelling. The design parameters for the RFQ are automatically converted to a CAD model using Autodesk Inventor, and the electric field map for this model is simulated in Comsol. Particles can then be tracked through this field map using Pulsar Physics' General Particle Tracer (GPT). Our software uses Visual Basic for Applications and MATLAB to automate this process and allow for optimisation of the RFQ design parameters based on particle dynamical considerations. Possible designs for the PAMELA RFQ, including super-conducting and normal-conducting solutions, will be presented and discussed, together with results of the field map simulations and particle tracking for these designs.

* M J Easton et al., RFQ Design Optimisation for PAMELA Injector, PAC09, Vancouver, Canada, April 2009, FR5REP066.

• J. Pasternak, M. Aslaninejad
  Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
• J.S. Berg
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• D.J. Kelliher, S. Machida
  STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• J. Pasternak
  STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• H. Witte
  JAI, Oxford

Nonscaling FFAG is required for the muon acceleration in the Neutrino Factory, which baseline design is under investigation in the International Design Study (IDS-NF). In order to inject/extract the muon beam with a very large emittance, several strong kickers with a very large aperture are required distributed in many lattice cells. Once the sufficient orbit separation is obtained by the kickers, the final degree of separation from the lattice is made by the septum, which needs to be superconducting. The geometry of the symmetric solutions allowing to inject/extract both signs of muons is presented. The preliminary design of the kicker and septum magnets is given.

• J.K. Pozimski, M. Aslaninejad, C. Bontoiu
  Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
• J.S. Berg
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York
• S.A. Bogacz
  JLAB, Newport News, Virginia
• S. Machida
  STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon

The IDS study showed that a Neutrino Factory seems to be the most promising candidate for the next phase of high precision neutrino oscillation experiments. A part of the increased precision is due to the fact that in a Neutrino Factory the decay of muons produces a neutrino beam with narrow energy distribution and divergence. The effect of beam loading on the energy distribution of the muon beam in the Neutrino Factory has been investigated numerically. The simulations have been performed using the baseline accelerator design including cavities for different number of bunch trains and bunch train timing. A detailed analysis of the beam energy distribution expected is given together with a discussion of the energy spread produced by the gutter acceleration in the FFAG and the implications for the neutrino oscillation experiments will be presented.

• M. Aslaninejad, M.J. Easton
  Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
• J. Pasternak, J.K. Pozimski
  STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
• K.J. Peach, T. Yokoi
  JAI, Oxford

For the PAMELA medical non-scaling FFAG, carbon 6+ as well as proton particles are required. The general injection layout based on a cyclotron for proton and a Linac for carbon is considered. There are two options for pre-accelerating carbon ions for PAMELA, either accelerating carbon with the charge state 4+ from the ion source and stripping after the pre-accelerator or directly accelerating carbon 6+ ions all the way from the ion source. For both options solution has been investigated. Simulations of beam dynamics for both particle species are presented. The resulting schemes based on either the single turn or multiturn injection into the first FFAG ring are discussed.

• M. Aslaninejad, M.J. Easton, J. Pasternak, J.K. Pozimski
  Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
• K.J. Peach, T. Yokoi
  JAI, Oxford

The PAMELA medical FFAG complex under design in the UK, aims to operate with both proton and carbon beams for hadron therapy. Medium energy beam transfer(MEBT) of PAMELA consists of the proton beam line coming out of the injector cyclotron, carbon beam transfer from the independent carbon 6+ injector linac, switching dipole when both beam merge and transfer line toward the PAMELA NS-FFAG. The MEBT layout and design, which needs to incorporate the beam chopper for the intensity modulation are discussed. The careful matching of optical functions between various components in the MEBT and beam dynamics simulations are presented.

• M. Aslaninejad, C. Bontoiu, J. Pasternak, J.K. Pozimski
  Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
• S.A. Bogacz
  JLAB, Newport News, Virginia

International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory (IDS-NF) assumes the first stage of muon acceleration (up to 900 MeV) to be implemented with a solenoid based Linac. The Linac consists of three styles of cryo-modules,containing focusing solenoids and varying number of SRF cavities for acceleration. Fringe fields of the solenoids and the focusing effects in the SRF cavities have significant impact on the transverse beam dynamics. Using an analytical formula,the effects of fringe fields and cavities are studied in MAD-X. The resulting betatron functions are compared with the results of beam dynamics simulations using OptiM code.

• C. Bontoiu, M. Aslaninejad, J.K. Pozimski
  Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London
• S.A. Bogacz
  JLAB, Newport News, Virginia

Within the Neutrino Factory Project the muon acceleration process involves a complex chain of accelerators including a (single-pass) linac, two recirculating linacs and an FFAG. The linac consists of RF cavities and iron shielded solenoids for transverse focusing and has been previously designed relying on idealized field models. However, to predict accurately the transport and acceleration of a high emittance 30 cm wide beam with 10 % energy spread requires detailed knowledge of fringe field distributions. This article presents results of the front-to-end tracking of the muon beam through numerically simulated realistic field distributions for the shielded solenoids and the RF fields. Real and phase space evolution of the beam has been studied along the linac and the results will be presented and discussed.